Review n What were the characteristics of the

Review n What were the characteristics of the Enlightenment? n How was this seen in the French Revolution? How was it not seen? n Who was Napoleon Bonaparte? n How does someone achieve Napoleon’s level of power?

Napoleon Bonaparte Rules France 1799 -1815

Young Napoleon: Hero Defended against royalist rebels. Napoleon was hailed as “savior of the French people”

Coup d’Etat n Coup d’Etat – overthrow government n Backed by his troops, he surrounded the national legislature and drove out most of its members n Napoleon took control of France

Peace in France n Restored order in the country n Kept changes that came with the revolution n However, he made laws that strengthened the central government and his individual power

Napoleonic Code n Uniform set of laws that were supposed to eliminate injustices n The laws strengthened central government and promoted authority over individual rights n Freedoms restricted

Napoleon made Peace with Church n Concordat: Agreement between Napoleon and Pope Pius VII n French government recognized the influence of the Church but had control over it

Napoleon Crowned Himself Emporer n 1804 -Crowned Emperor Napoleon for life n Did not allow the Pope to crown him as he felt he was more powerful than the Church n He was basically dictator at this point n Used his power to go to war with Europe and extend his influence and power

Napoleon Conquers Europe

Continental System n Attempted to blockade Britain and prevent anyone from trading with them

Pros and Cons of Napoleonic Wars n Brought the ideas of the French Revolution to the rest of Europe n People resented French rule though n Prussia, Austria, Russia, Britain had to unify military strength to defeat him

Napoleon’s Mistakes n 1812 - Napoleon invaded Russia n It was a disaster and winter destroyed the French Army

Scorched-earth Policy n Russia left nothing for the enemy n French retreated from Moscow n French army suffers many losses

Napoleon Exiled Part 1 n Sent to the island of Elba n Escaped and gathered an army again n Tried to take over Europe one more time

Defeated Again - Waterloo n Napoleon attacked the British army in Waterloo, Belgium n Prussia army arrived to assist England n June 20, 1815 -Napoleon was defeated for the last time n Exiled once again, far, away

Battle of Waterloo

Congress of Vienna n Countries of Europe needed to decide what to do with France and the past decades of turmoil n These countries wanted to turn back the clock to 1789 n Monarchs were restored throughout Europe, even in France – Louis XVIII brought to power