Review Levels of organization BIOSPHERE BIOME ECOSYSTEM COMMUNITY

Review: Levels of organization BIOSPHERE BIOME ECOSYSTEM COMMUNITY POPULATION ORGANISM

Community Interactions • Community: Many species interacting in the same environment • Three types of interactions: – Competition – Predation – Symbiosis

Competition: struggle between individuals for limited resources (water, nutrients, light, food, mates).

What’s going to happen? Competitive exclusion: no two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time

Predation • Defined: when an organism captures and feeds on another organism. • Predator- hunter • Prey- hunted

Symbiosis- Long term relationship between species living closely together. Three types: • Mutualism • Commensalism • Parasitism

Mutualism • • Mutualism: both species benefit from a relationship. Ex: Lichens (fungus and Algae) Ex: Clown fish and anemones Ex: Cleaner birds and crocodiles

Commensalism • Commensalism – One member of a symbiotic relationship benefits and the other is neither helped or harmed • Ex: Cattle and Birds – Birds eat insects stirred up by the cattle • Ex: Barnacles and whales – Barnacles grow on whale

Parasitism • Parasitism- One creature benefits and one creature is harmed • Ex: Tapeworm feeds in a humans intestines absorbing his/her nutrients

Review 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) What is a community? Name the 3 types of community interactions. When do organisms usually compete? How do predators and prey interact? Name the 3 types of symbiosis. How does mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism differ?