Review Exam II Cambodia Thailand Myanmar Exam II

Review Exam II Cambodia Thailand Myanmar

Exam II • 40 points • 2 slides (subject, date, period date, country, facts) • Comparison and contrast (2 slides) • Focus: periods between 12 th-14 th centuries, religious concepts, historical information, architectural techniques, media

Religion • Thailand Burma (12 th-14 th): Theravada Buddhism: art focuses on life of the Buddha • Cambodia: Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism; Hindu art: Siva and Vishnu, the Churning of the Sea of Milk, historical events; Mahayana art: Buddha protected by Nagahoods, Lokesvara, and Prajnaparamita • Animistic practices

Angkor Wat • • • King Suryavarman II (c. 1112 -1150 CE) Hindu temple, facing West (direction of death), associates with Vishnu It symbolizes the center of the universe, Mount Meru The moat symbolizes the oceans surrounding the earth The succession of concentric galleries represent the mountain ranges that surround Mount Meru • The towers (Gopura) represent the mountain’s peaks • It was converted to Theravada temple in the 15 th century

3. 29 Angkor Wat, early 12 th century

The Bayon temple • Built during the reign of King Jayavarman VII (late 12 th to 13 th centuries) • Temple facing East and West direction • It is built in Greek cross plan; the main shrine is circular in shape and has 12 subsidiary chapels radiating out from it. • There were 49 towers (only 37 are standing); each has four colossal heads, dominate the four quarters of the world • The main temple is surrounded by rectangular roofed galleries which are punctuated by towers at the corners and at the center of each side; at ground level, outer closure, , is surrounded by a a gallery with corner pavilions and gopuras • Between 2 nd and 3 rd enclosure are 16 large chapels where Buddhist deities were housed.

The Bayon temple • At the S gate is a bridge that represents the churning of the Sea of Milk; Naga represents rainbow and bridge of heaven; crossing from the world of man to the world of gods

Thai Art • Sukhothai (13 th-15 th centuries): Walking Buddha, the Descent from Heaven, and Buddhist painting Thai Buddha images: sitting, standing, walking, and reclining • Most popular hand gestures: earth-touching hand gesture and meditation • Follows the 32 major characteristics and 80 minor characteristics • Media: stone, brick and stucco, bronze

159 Seated Buddha in earth-touching hand gesture, Sukhothai, 14 th century

158 Walking Buddha, Sukhothai, 14 th century

161 Birth scene of the Buddha, Ayutthaya, 1776

Ananda Temple • Built during the reign of King Kyanzittha (r. 1084 -1111) • Greek Crossed (Cruciform) plan; square shape; topped with a tapering pagoda (172 feet from the base) • Four standing Buddhas; each enshrined in a nich • Interior has life scenes of the Buddha (389 scenes) and last ten jatakas

Colossal Buddha image, Ananda temple

Andagu Tablet