Review Chapter 4 Downers OpiatesOpioids and Sedative Hypnotics

Alcohol, opiates, sedative -hypnotics are three major classes of depressants.

Tolerance to opiates/opioids develops rapidly, with users being able to tolerate great amounts within

Withdrawal symptoms following detoxification and abstinence from long-acting opioids such as methadone can persist

The DEA estimates heroin purity at from 10% to 70%. Therefore, the purity of

is it dangerous to combine an opioid with a downer like alcohol, barbiturates, or

Semi-synthetic/synthetic opiate drugs with the trade pharmaceutical name listed after it: oxycodone | Percodan,

The synergistic effect of drugs refers to, the combination of two or more depressant

Of 1, 033 new drugs approved by the FDA between 1989 and 2000 more

Depressants decrease rate of breathing and heart rate

Most heroin abusers began by abusing prescription opioids, specifically

Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that may be used to prevent an opioid overdose

Naltrexone is prescribed for the following uses: #1. to break the cycle of addiction

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Review Chapter 4: Downers: Opiates/Opioids and Sedative Hypnotics

Alcohol, opiates, sedative -hypnotics are three major classes of depressants.

Tolerance to opiates/opioids develops rapidly, with users being able to tolerate great amounts within just a few days. Therefore, there is almost no limit to the level of opioid tolerance a human can develop.

Withdrawal symptoms following detoxification and abstinence from long-acting opioids such as methadone can persist for 14 days or more after detoxification

The DEA estimates heroin purity at from 10% to 70%. Therefore, the purity of heroin at the retail level varies from 10% to 70%.

is it dangerous to combine an opioid with a downer like alcohol, barbiturates, or benzodiazepines because the combination of depressants increases the potential for respiratory depression, overdose, and death. Combination use of downers results in additive and synergistic depressant effects (Pages 4. 25, 4. 38, 4. 44)

Semi-synthetic/synthetic opiate drugs with the trade pharmaceutical name listed after it: oxycodone | Percodan, Percocet oxycodone | Oxy. Contin hydrocodone | Vicodin Suboxone is a combination of buprenorphine and naloxone

The synergistic effect of drugs refers to, the combination of two or more depressant drugs, which magnifies their effect on the CNS

Of 1, 033 new drugs approved by the FDA between 1989 and 2000 more than 50% showed no significant clinical improvement over older and cheaper drugs already in use

Depressants decrease rate of breathing and heart rate

Most heroin abusers began by abusing prescription opioids, specifically

Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that may be used to prevent an opioid overdose

Naltrexone is prescribed for the following uses: #1. to break the cycle of addiction to opioids and prevent relapse #2. to break the addiction to alcohol and reduce alcoholic cravings #3. to break the cycle of cocaine addiction and reduce cravings for cocaine #4. to support smoking cessation and break nicotine addiction