Review Cell History 5 Scientists Robert Hooke Anton
Review Cell History
5 Scientists • Robert Hooke • Anton van Leeuwenhoek • Matthias Schleiden • Theodor Schwann • Rudolf Virchow
Cells come in all different shapes, sizes, and types. But they all have the parts necessary for basic life functions.
Two Types of Cells Eukaryotic Prokaryotic
Prokaryotic • Small and simple, no nucleus
Eukaryotic • Larger, has nucleus and organelles
Cells are made of 3 main Parts: • Cell membrane • Cytoplasm • Nucleus
Cell membrane • protects the cell from damage. Controls what goes in and out of the cell Has small openings like doorways that let food in and wastes out
Cytoplasm • jelly like substance that all the cell parts float around in
Cytoplasm • Cytoplasm also gives the cell structure. Think of a balloon. An empty balloon does not have much structure. However, if we fill it with something, like water, it begins to take shape.
Cytoskeleton • Invisible tubes and threads that organelles are attached to Acts like a track system that keeps organelles from crashing into each other
Nucleus • control center for the cell, “the brain. ” Controls the cell’s activities.
Nucleolus • Small dense region in the nucleus where ribosomes are made
Nuclear Envelope • Double membrane surrounding the nucleus, contains many pores
Organelles • Little organs found within the cell
Cell Parts • Mitochondria - makes energy for the cell from food.
Mitochondria Power plant
Cell Parts • Ribosome - makes proteins used by the cell to build new cell parts. Proteins Can be attached or float around freely Like little protein factories
Cell Parts • Endoplasmic Reticulum – folded membranes that transport materials to different parts of the cell extend from the nucleus to the cell membrane
• Smooth – no ribosomes attached • Rough – ribosomes are attached
Cell Parts • Golgi Body- sorts proteins and other cell materials and packages it into membrane bound vesicles (bubbles)
Cell Parts • Lysosomes - contain digestive enzymes that break down food, cell wastes, and worn out cell parts.
Cell Parts • Vacuole - big storage tank in the cell for water or food. Plant cells have really big vacuoles
Vacuoles • Animal cells have vacuoles but they are much smaller.
Cell Parts • Chloroplast – makes energy for the cell from sunlight.
Cell Parts • Cell Wall – thick covering for plant cells that gives the cell more support and shape. Animal cells don’t have cell walls because we have skeletons
Specialized Structures • Cilia and flagella are often found on cells that provide movement
Comparing Cells Structure Prokaryotic Cells Cell Membrane Eukaryotic Cells Animal Plant Yes Yes Cell Wall Yes No Yes Nucleus No Yes Ribosomes Yes Yes Endoplasmic Reticulum No Yes Golgi Body No Yes Lysosomes No Yes Vacuoles No Yes Mitochondria No Yes Chloroplasts No No Yes Cytoskeleton No Yes
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