Retirement age and reforms of pension system in























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Retirement age and reforms of pension system in France 法国退休年龄与养老金体系改革 Madrid, 22 th June 2016年 6月22日马德里

Index 目录 ü Outline of the French pension System 法国养老金体系概� ü Presentation of the reforms since 1993年以来改革介� ü Governance of the pension system 养老金体系治理 Page 2

Index 目� ü Outline of the French pension System 法国养老金体系概� ü Presentation of the reforms since 1993年以来改革介� ü Governance of the pension system 养老金体系治理 Page 3

Outline of the French pension systems 法国养老金体系概览 ► Pay-as-you-go systems ► 30 differents schemes, based on professional sectors ► 2 mandatory stages : base and complementary Page 4 ► 现收现付体系 ► 根据职业划分,设有30种制 度(计划) ► 2个法定层次:基础养老金 和补充养老金

Outline of the French pension systems 法国养老金体系概览 ► Private employees, which represents 2/3 of the work force – Base scheme : Cnav – 2 mandatory complementary schemes : Arrco (for both employees and executives) and Agirc (for executives) Page 5 ► 民营企业雇员占总劳动力 2/3 - 基本养老金计划:Cnav 2项补充养老金计划:Arrco( 员 和管理人员)和Agirc(管 理人员)

Contributions 缴费 ► ► Base scheme : contribution on the wages up to the mean wage Complementary schemes : contribution on the wages below and above the mean wage ► ► 基本养老金:从达到平均水 平的 资收取缴费; 补充养老金:从低于或高于 平均水平的 资收取缴费, Contribution rates for non-executive workers (Social Security Ceiling: 3, 218€/month in 2016) 非管理层员 缴费率(2016年社保封顶数字: 3218欧元/每月) Complementary scheme 补充养老 Basic scheme 基本养老金 Total 总共 金 Employees 员 Employers 雇主 Total 总共 <1 SSC 7. 25% 10. 40% 17. 65% 3. 85% 5. 78% 9. 63% 11. 10% 16, 18% 27, 28% 1 SSC < 3 SSC 0. 35% 1. 85% 2. 20% 8. 95% 13. 38% 22. 33% 9. 30% 15. 23% 24. 53% 3 SSC < 0. 35% 1. 85% 2. 20% 0. 00% 0. 35% 1. 85% 2. 20% Page 6

Legal and statutory retirement ages 法定退休年� ► 3 parameters for retirement age ► 退休年龄3项参数 ► To retire, you need to : ► 要退休,就要: To have a full pension, you need to : ► 要获得全额养老金,就要: – Be more than 62 -years-old (minimum age, for people born after 1955) ► – Have worked for more than 43 years (reference length , for people born after 1973) – Or be more than 67 -years-old (full pension age, for people born after 1955) Page 7 - - 年龄高于62周岁(系 1955年以后出生 人员的最低年龄) 龄超过43年(1973年以后出生人员 的参考缴费年限) 或年龄高于67周岁(系 1955年以后出 生人员的全额养老金领取年龄)

Legal and statutory retirement ages 法定退休年龄 Legal minimum Full pension age: 62 age: 67 法定最低年龄: 全额养老金领取 Early retirement 62岁 年龄: 67岁 Statutory under restrictive Statutory retirement conditions 法定退休 限制条件下提前退休 Full pension 全额养老金 Page 8 With a full, reduced or majored pension according to contribution length 根据缴费年限 获取全额、削 减或主要养老 金 Pension without penalty; possibility of Bonus 不带惩罚的养老金; 可能获得奖励金

Computation of pensions – private sector basic scheme 养老金计算:民营部门 基本养老金 ► The private sector basic scheme is an annuity scheme: P = pension t = full rate of 50 % D = contribution period of the worker T = reference contribution length (43 years for generation 1973) ref. wage = average wage of the 25 best years, valorised with inflation ► Incentives to postpone retirement : – Permanent malus of 5% applied to the pension rate for each missing year of contribution – Permanent bonus of 5% applied to the pension rate for each additional year of contribution ► 民营部门基本养老金计划为年金计划: P = 养老金 t = 完全比率: 50 % D = 人缴费年限 T = 参考缴费年限(1973年后出生者43年) ref. wage =25个最佳年份的平均 资,依通胀 换算 ► 延迟退休鼓励措施 : – 对每一缺失缴费年份实施 5%永久 惩罚 – 对每一增加缴费年份实施 5%永久 奖励 Page 9

Computation of pensions – private sector complementary schemes 养老金计算: 民营 部门补充养老金 ► The private sectors complementary schemes are point schemes: – Contributions are used to buy points – Points are converted into pensions at retirement ► Starting from 2019, there are new incentives to postpone retirement after the age of full pension: – If no postponement, discount of 10 % applied to the pension for 3 years – If postponement of year, no discount – If postponement of 2 years, bonus of 10 % applied to the pension for 1 year Page 10 ► 民� 部门补充养老金制度属于 计分型制: - 缴费用于购买养计分 计分转换为退休时的养老金 - ► 从2019年开始,将会有新的优惠 措施鼓励将退休延迟到全额养 老金领取年龄之后 - 如果没有延迟退休,就会连续三年 对养老金进行10%的折损 - 如果将退休延迟一年,则无折损 如果将退休延迟两年,则有1年养老 金可获得 10%的奖励

Computation of pensions – public sector 养老金�算:公有部� ► The public sector basic scheme is an annuity scheme: – The full rate pension is 75% – The reference length is 43 years from generation 1973 – The reference wage is the last wage, excluding bonuses (that can represent a considerable part of the total wage) ► The public complementary scheme is a point scheme: – Based on bonuses within the limits of 20% of wage Page 11 ► - 公共部门基本养老金属于年金 计划: 全额养老金率为 75% 1973年后出生的人口缴费参考年限为 43 年 参考 资为退休前最后一年 资,不 包括奖金(该部分可占总 资很可观 的一部分) 公共部门补充养老金属于计分 计划: 根据额度在 资20%以内的奖金计算

Index 目录 ü Outline of the French pension System 法国养老金体系概� ü Presentation of the reforms since 1993年以来改革介� ü Governance of the pension system 养老金体系治理 Page 12

Historical perspective 历史回顾 ► The pension system was created in 1945 ► 该养老金体系于1945年建立 ► In the 70 s and 80 s: ► 在 1970和1980年代: - 为应对老年贫困问题扩大了该体系 发展出提前退休和60周岁养老金制度,旨 在应对不断攀升的失业问题和 业转型问 题 ► 1990年代开始: - 大量的战后一代(婴儿潮一代)达到退休 – Expansion of the system, to fight poverty of the elderly – Development of early retirement and pension age at 60, aiming to address the rising unemployment and industrial conversion ► Since the 90 s: – The numerous post-war generations (baby-boom) arrive at retirement age – Life expectancy continues to increase Need for important reforms - 年龄 预期寿命持续增加 →需要重大改革 Page 13

Reforms of the pension system 养老金体系改革 ► The 1993 reform: – Cut in the generosity of pensions ► The 2003 reform: – Increase in the reference length (indexed on life expectancy gains) – Incentives to increase old-age participation rate – Convergence between private and public sector The 2010 reform: – Progressive rise in age boundaries ► 1993年改革 - 中止了养老金制度的慷慨性 ► 2003年改革 - ► 增加参考缴费年限(与预期寿命增长挂钩) 通过激励措施增加老龄劳动者 作参与率 统合公私部门养老金制度 2010年改革 - 在未来增加退休年限 - 继续整合公私部门养老金制度 – Further convergence between private and public sector Page 14

Reforms of the pension system 养老金体系改革 ► The 2014 reform: ► 2014年改革 - 短期办法 – Short term measures: • swap of social contributions for the benefit of pension schemes: +0. 3 point for both employers and employees between 2014 and 2017 • suppression of the 10% tax exemption on the pension bonus for pensioners with 3+ children • postponement of the pension indexation ► – A progressive rise of the full pension contribution period to 43 years. 2015 agreement on complementary schemes (Agirc and Arrco): – Decrease in the generosity of pensions – New incentives to postpone retirement – Merging of the two schemes in 2019 Page 15 用社保缴费交换养老金制度福利: 2014年 2017年间的雇主和雇员都+0. 3个点 • 对拥有3个子女以上的养老金领取人,取消 其的养老奖励金 10%的免税率 • • 推迟养老金指数挂钩 - 未来将全额养老金的缴费年限增加到 43年 ► 2015年补充养老金协议(Agirc和Arrco制度) - 减少过度慷慨的养老金福利 开展新的激励措施延迟退休 在 2019年统合两大制度

Effect of the reforms 改革效果 ► Increase in retirement ages: – Effect of the reforms • Reform 2010 : +18 months • Reform 2014 : + 4 months – Careers started later – More interruptions in carreers (higher unemployement for young generations) ► 增加退休年龄: - 改革效果 • 2010年改革:+18个月 • 2014年改革:+4个月 - 参加 作年龄延后 作中断现象增加(年轻一代失业 现象更多) - Mean retirement age (years) 平均退休年龄 (年数) Source : COR report, 2016 来源: 2016年《COR 报告》 所有情境 Page 16

Effect of the reforms 改革效果 ► Decrease of pensions expenditures as a share of GDP ► 养老金支出占GDP比重的减少 养老金占GDP比重 1993年以前立法 Page 17 2016年立法 Source: COR, baseline scenario 来源:COR, 《基线预测情境》

Flanking reforms 侧面改革 ► Older worker participation rate is rising 老龄劳动者 作参与率增加 – Withdrawal of early retirement schemes 取消提前退休制度 – Pensions reforms 养老金改革 – Increasing participation of women 女性 作参与率增加 55 -59岁人口 作参与率 总体 Page 18 女性 男性 60 -64岁人口 作参与率 总体 女性 男性

Index 目录 ü Outline of the French pension System 法国养老金体系概� ü Presentation of the reforms since 1993年以来改革介� ü Governance of the pension system 养老金体系治理 Page 19

Governance of the pension systems 养老金体系治理 ► Pensions advisory council (COR) – Dialogue between stakeholders: members of parliament, representatives of employers and retirees, administration, experts (30 members), – Expertise of the pension system • • Yearly report on the pension system Projections of the evolution of the system (up to 2060) Thematic reports every year Thematic sessions every month ► 养老金顾问委员会(COR) - 各方对话:国会成员、雇主和 退休人员代表、行政部门、专 家(总共 30名委员) ► 养老金体系专业 作 - 养老金体系年度报告 制度演变预测(到 2060年) - 年度分主题报告 每月分主题会议 - Page 20

Governance of the pension systems 养老金体系治理 ► Pension steering comittee (CSR) – Comittee of 5 experts, created in 2014 – Based on the expertise of the COR, publishes a yearly assessement of the pension system – Make recommandations if the pension system deviates from its objectives : • Financial sustainability of the system • Living standards of retirees • Solidarity between and within generations ► 养老金建议委员会(CSR) - 2014年成立,由 5位专家组成 - 根据养老金顾问委员会(COR) 的专业 作,出版养老金体系年 度评估报告 - 在养老金体系偏离制度目�� �行建� • 制度��可持�性 退休人�生活�准 代�和代内融合�� • • Page 21

Governance of the pension systems 养老金体系治理 ► Participation in the Ageing working group – EU member states and the commission – Discussion on a common set of demographic and economic scenarios – Harmonised projections for age-related public expenditures every 3 years (Ageing report) 2013 -2060年养老金开支变化 ► 参与老龄 作组 - 欧盟成员国和欧委会 就共同人口和经济境况进行讨 论 每 3年对老龄相关公共开支进 - 行统筹预测(《老龄化报告》) Page 22 法国 意大利 西班牙 欧元区 奥地利 荷兰 德国 比利时

Governance of the pension systems 养老金体系治理 ► Decomposition of pension expenditures : 养老金开支构成解析: – – Dependency ratio : aged 65+/aged 20 -64 赡养比: 65岁及以上人口/20 -64岁人口 Coverage ratio : pensioners / aged 65 + 覆盖比率:退休人员/65岁及以上人口 Benefit ratio : average pension/ average wage 福利比率:平均养老金/平均 资 Labour market : aged 20 -64/hours worked 劳动力市场: 20 -64岁人口/ 时 占GDP比重 福利比率 赡养比 Page 23 荷兰 比利时 法国 覆盖比率 德国 劳动力市场 欧元区 意大利 西班牙 奥地利