Retirement age and reforms of pension system in

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Retirement age and reforms of pension system in France 法国退休年龄与养老金体系改革 Madrid, 22 th June

Retirement age and reforms of pension system in France 法国退休年龄与养老金体系改革 Madrid, 22 th June 2016年 6月22日马德里

Index 目录 ü Outline of the French pension System 法国养老金体系概� ü Presentation of the

Index 目录 ü Outline of the French pension System 法国养老金体系概� ü Presentation of the reforms since 1993年以来改革介� ü Governance of the pension system 养老金体系治理 Page 2

Index 目� ü Outline of the French pension System 法国养老金体系概� ü Presentation of the

Index 目� ü Outline of the French pension System 法国养老金体系概� ü Presentation of the reforms since 1993年以来改革介� ü Governance of the pension system 养老金体系治理 Page 3

Outline of the French pension systems 法国养老金体系概览 ► Pay-as-you-go systems ► 30 differents schemes,

Outline of the French pension systems 法国养老金体系概览 ► Pay-as-you-go systems ► 30 differents schemes, based on professional sectors ► 2 mandatory stages : base and complementary Page 4 ► 现收现付体系 ► 根据职业划分,设有30种制 度(计划) ► 2个法定层次:基础养老金 和补充养老金

Outline of the French pension systems 法国养老金体系概览 ► Private employees, which represents 2/3 of

Outline of the French pension systems 法国养老金体系概览 ► Private employees, which represents 2/3 of the work force – Base scheme : Cnav – 2 mandatory complementary schemes : Arrco (for both employees and executives) and Agirc (for executives) Page 5 ► 民营企业雇员占总劳动力 2/3 - 基本养老金计划:Cnav 2项补充养老金计划:Arrco( 员 和管理人员)和Agirc(管 理人员)

Contributions 缴费 ► ► Base scheme : contribution on the wages up to the

Contributions 缴费 ► ► Base scheme : contribution on the wages up to the mean wage Complementary schemes : contribution on the wages below and above the mean wage ► ► 基本养老金:从达到平均水 平的 资收取缴费; 补充养老金:从低于或高于 平均水平的 资收取缴费, Contribution rates for non-executive workers (Social Security Ceiling: 3, 218€/month in 2016) 非管理层员 缴费率(2016年社保封顶数字: 3218欧元/每月) Complementary scheme 补充养老 Basic scheme 基本养老金 Total 总共 金 Employees 员 Employers 雇主 Total 总共 <1 SSC 7. 25% 10. 40% 17. 65% 3. 85% 5. 78% 9. 63% 11. 10% 16, 18% 27, 28% 1 SSC < 3 SSC 0. 35% 1. 85% 2. 20% 8. 95% 13. 38% 22. 33% 9. 30% 15. 23% 24. 53% 3 SSC < 0. 35% 1. 85% 2. 20% 0. 00% 0. 35% 1. 85% 2. 20% Page 6

Legal and statutory retirement ages 法定退休年� ► 3 parameters for retirement age ► 退休年龄3项参数

Legal and statutory retirement ages 法定退休年� ► 3 parameters for retirement age ► 退休年龄3项参数 ► To retire, you need to : ► 要退休,就要: To have a full pension, you need to : ► 要获得全额养老金,就要: – Be more than 62 -years-old (minimum age, for people born after 1955) ► – Have worked for more than 43 years (reference length , for people born after 1973) – Or be more than 67 -years-old (full pension age, for people born after 1955) Page 7 - - 年龄高于62周岁(系 1955年以后出生 人员的最低年龄) 龄超过43年(1973年以后出生人员 的参考缴费年限) 或年龄高于67周岁(系 1955年以后出 生人员的全额养老金领取年龄)

Legal and statutory retirement ages 法定退休年龄 Legal minimum Full pension age: 62 age: 67

Legal and statutory retirement ages 法定退休年龄 Legal minimum Full pension age: 62 age: 67 法定最低年龄: 全额养老金领取 Early retirement 62岁 年龄: 67岁 Statutory under restrictive Statutory retirement conditions 法定退休 限制条件下提前退休 Full pension 全额养老金 Page 8 With a full, reduced or majored pension according to contribution length 根据缴费年限 获取全额、削 减或主要养老 金 Pension without penalty; possibility of Bonus 不带惩罚的养老金; 可能获得奖励金

Computation of pensions – private sector basic scheme 养老金计算:民营部门 基本养老金 ► The private sector

Computation of pensions – private sector basic scheme 养老金计算:民营部门 基本养老金 ► The private sector basic scheme is an annuity scheme: P = pension t = full rate of 50 % D = contribution period of the worker T = reference contribution length (43 years for generation 1973) ref. wage = average wage of the 25 best years, valorised with inflation ► Incentives to postpone retirement : – Permanent malus of 5% applied to the pension rate for each missing year of contribution – Permanent bonus of 5% applied to the pension rate for each additional year of contribution ► 民营部门基本养老金计划为年金计划: P = 养老金 t = 完全比率: 50 % D = 人缴费年限 T = 参考缴费年限(1973年后出生者43年) ref. wage =25个最佳年份的平均 资,依通胀 换算 ► 延迟退休鼓励措施 : – 对每一缺失缴费年份实施 5%永久 惩罚 – 对每一增加缴费年份实施 5%永久 奖励 Page 9

Computation of pensions – private sector complementary schemes 养老金计算: 民营 部门补充养老金 ► The private

Computation of pensions – private sector complementary schemes 养老金计算: 民营 部门补充养老金 ► The private sectors complementary schemes are point schemes: – Contributions are used to buy points – Points are converted into pensions at retirement ► Starting from 2019, there are new incentives to postpone retirement after the age of full pension: – If no postponement, discount of 10 % applied to the pension for 3 years – If postponement of year, no discount – If postponement of 2 years, bonus of 10 % applied to the pension for 1 year Page 10 ► 民� 部门补充养老金制度属于 计分型制: - 缴费用于购买养计分 计分转换为退休时的养老金 - ► 从2019年开始,将会有新的优惠 措施鼓励将退休延迟到全额养 老金领取年龄之后 - 如果没有延迟退休,就会连续三年 对养老金进行10%的折损 - 如果将退休延迟一年,则无折损 如果将退休延迟两年,则有1年养老 金可获得 10%的奖励

Computation of pensions – public sector 养老金�算:公有部� ► The public sector basic scheme is

Computation of pensions – public sector 养老金�算:公有部� ► The public sector basic scheme is an annuity scheme: – The full rate pension is 75% – The reference length is 43 years from generation 1973 – The reference wage is the last wage, excluding bonuses (that can represent a considerable part of the total wage) ► The public complementary scheme is a point scheme: – Based on bonuses within the limits of 20% of wage Page 11 ► - 公共部门基本养老金属于年金 计划: 全额养老金率为 75% 1973年后出生的人口缴费参考年限为 43 年 参考 资为退休前最后一年 资,不 包括奖金(该部分可占总 资很可观 的一部分) 公共部门补充养老金属于计分 计划: 根据额度在 资20%以内的奖金计算

Index 目录 ü Outline of the French pension System 法国养老金体系概� ü Presentation of the

Index 目录 ü Outline of the French pension System 法国养老金体系概� ü Presentation of the reforms since 1993年以来改革介� ü Governance of the pension system 养老金体系治理 Page 12

Historical perspective 历史回顾 ► The pension system was created in 1945 ► 该养老金体系于1945年建立 ►

Historical perspective 历史回顾 ► The pension system was created in 1945 ► 该养老金体系于1945年建立 ► In the 70 s and 80 s: ► 在 1970和1980年代: - 为应对老年贫困问题扩大了该体系 发展出提前退休和60周岁养老金制度,旨 在应对不断攀升的失业问题和 业转型问 题 ► 1990年代开始: - 大量的战后一代(婴儿潮一代)达到退休 – Expansion of the system, to fight poverty of the elderly – Development of early retirement and pension age at 60, aiming to address the rising unemployment and industrial conversion ► Since the 90 s: – The numerous post-war generations (baby-boom) arrive at retirement age – Life expectancy continues to increase Need for important reforms - 年龄 预期寿命持续增加 →需要重大改革 Page 13

Reforms of the pension system 养老金体系改革 ► The 1993 reform: – Cut in the

Reforms of the pension system 养老金体系改革 ► The 1993 reform: – Cut in the generosity of pensions ► The 2003 reform: – Increase in the reference length (indexed on life expectancy gains) – Incentives to increase old-age participation rate – Convergence between private and public sector The 2010 reform: – Progressive rise in age boundaries ► 1993年改革 - 中止了养老金制度的慷慨性 ► 2003年改革 - ► 增加参考缴费年限(与预期寿命增长挂钩) 通过激励措施增加老龄劳动者 作参与率 统合公私部门养老金制度 2010年改革 - 在未来增加退休年限 - 继续整合公私部门养老金制度 – Further convergence between private and public sector Page 14

Reforms of the pension system 养老金体系改革 ► The 2014 reform: ► 2014年改革 - 短期办法

Reforms of the pension system 养老金体系改革 ► The 2014 reform: ► 2014年改革 - 短期办法 – Short term measures: • swap of social contributions for the benefit of pension schemes: +0. 3 point for both employers and employees between 2014 and 2017 • suppression of the 10% tax exemption on the pension bonus for pensioners with 3+ children • postponement of the pension indexation ► – A progressive rise of the full pension contribution period to 43 years. 2015 agreement on complementary schemes (Agirc and Arrco): – Decrease in the generosity of pensions – New incentives to postpone retirement – Merging of the two schemes in 2019 Page 15 用社保缴费交换养老金制度福利: 2014年 2017年间的雇主和雇员都+0. 3个点 • 对拥有3个子女以上的养老金领取人,取消 其的养老奖励金 10%的免税率 • • 推迟养老金指数挂钩 - 未来将全额养老金的缴费年限增加到 43年 ► 2015年补充养老金协议(Agirc和Arrco制度) - 减少过度慷慨的养老金福利 开展新的激励措施延迟退休 在 2019年统合两大制度

Effect of the reforms 改革效果 ► Increase in retirement ages: – Effect of the

Effect of the reforms 改革效果 ► Increase in retirement ages: – Effect of the reforms • Reform 2010 : +18 months • Reform 2014 : + 4 months – Careers started later – More interruptions in carreers (higher unemployement for young generations) ► 增加退休年龄: - 改革效果 • 2010年改革:+18个月 • 2014年改革:+4个月 - 参加 作年龄延后 作中断现象增加(年轻一代失业 现象更多) - Mean retirement age (years) 平均退休年龄 (年数) Source : COR report, 2016 来源: 2016年《COR 报告》 所有情境 Page 16

Effect of the reforms 改革效果 ► Decrease of pensions expenditures as a share of

Effect of the reforms 改革效果 ► Decrease of pensions expenditures as a share of GDP ► 养老金支出占GDP比重的减少 养老金占GDP比重 1993年以前立法 Page 17 2016年立法 Source: COR, baseline scenario 来源:COR, 《基线预测情境》

Flanking reforms 侧面改革 ► Older worker participation rate is rising 老龄劳动者 作参与率增加 – Withdrawal

Flanking reforms 侧面改革 ► Older worker participation rate is rising 老龄劳动者 作参与率增加 – Withdrawal of early retirement schemes 取消提前退休制度 – Pensions reforms 养老金改革 – Increasing participation of women 女性 作参与率增加 55 -59岁人口 作参与率 总体 Page 18 女性 男性 60 -64岁人口 作参与率 总体 女性 男性

Index 目录 ü Outline of the French pension System 法国养老金体系概� ü Presentation of the

Index 目录 ü Outline of the French pension System 法国养老金体系概� ü Presentation of the reforms since 1993年以来改革介� ü Governance of the pension system 养老金体系治理 Page 19

Governance of the pension systems 养老金体系治理 ► Pensions advisory council (COR) – Dialogue between

Governance of the pension systems 养老金体系治理 ► Pensions advisory council (COR) – Dialogue between stakeholders: members of parliament, representatives of employers and retirees, administration, experts (30 members), – Expertise of the pension system • • Yearly report on the pension system Projections of the evolution of the system (up to 2060) Thematic reports every year Thematic sessions every month ► 养老金顾问委员会(COR) - 各方对话:国会成员、雇主和 退休人员代表、行政部门、专 家(总共 30名委员) ► 养老金体系专业 作 - 养老金体系年度报告 制度演变预测(到 2060年) - 年度分主题报告 每月分主题会议 - Page 20

Governance of the pension systems 养老金体系治理 ► Pension steering comittee (CSR) – Comittee of

Governance of the pension systems 养老金体系治理 ► Pension steering comittee (CSR) – Comittee of 5 experts, created in 2014 – Based on the expertise of the COR, publishes a yearly assessement of the pension system – Make recommandations if the pension system deviates from its objectives : • Financial sustainability of the system • Living standards of retirees • Solidarity between and within generations ► 养老金建议委员会(CSR) - 2014年成立,由 5位专家组成 - 根据养老金顾问委员会(COR) 的专业 作,出版养老金体系年 度评估报告 - 在养老金体系偏离制度目�� �行建� • 制度��可持�性 退休人�生活�准 代�和代内融合�� • • Page 21

Governance of the pension systems 养老金体系治理 ► Participation in the Ageing working group –

Governance of the pension systems 养老金体系治理 ► Participation in the Ageing working group – EU member states and the commission – Discussion on a common set of demographic and economic scenarios – Harmonised projections for age-related public expenditures every 3 years (Ageing report) 2013 -2060年养老金开支变化 ► 参与老龄 作组 - 欧盟成员国和欧委会 就共同人口和经济境况进行讨 论 每 3年对老龄相关公共开支进 - 行统筹预测(《老龄化报告》) Page 22 法国 意大利 西班牙 欧元区 奥地利 荷兰 德国 比利时

Governance of the pension systems 养老金体系治理 ► Decomposition of pension expenditures : 养老金开支构成解析: –

Governance of the pension systems 养老金体系治理 ► Decomposition of pension expenditures : 养老金开支构成解析: – – Dependency ratio : aged 65+/aged 20 -64 赡养比: 65岁及以上人口/20 -64岁人口 Coverage ratio : pensioners / aged 65 + 覆盖比率:退休人员/65岁及以上人口 Benefit ratio : average pension/ average wage 福利比率:平均养老金/平均 资 Labour market : aged 20 -64/hours worked 劳动力市场: 20 -64岁人口/ 时 占GDP比重 福利比率 赡养比 Page 23 荷兰 比利时 法国 覆盖比率 德国 劳动力市场 欧元区 意大利 西班牙 奥地利