RETINAL DETACHMENT Demir Baar Professor DB 07 ANATOMICAL
RETINAL DETACHMENT Demir Başar (Professor) DB 07
ANATOMICAL CONSIDERATIONS
NEURONS Photoreceptors Rods &Cones Nuclei Plexiform Bipolars Nuclei Plexiform Ganglion cells Nerve fibers
Rods and Cones External limiting External nuclear External plexiform Internal nuclear Internal plexiform Ganglion cells Nerve fibers Internal limiting
Pigment Epithelium Rods and Cones External limiting External nuclear External plexiform Internal nuclear Internal plexiform Ganglion cells Nerve fibers Internal limiting
TWO MAIN LAYERS Pigment epithelium Neural retina
There are no tissue adhesives between pigment epithelium and neural retina (i. e. fibronectins) WHAT then , KEEPS THE RETINA IN PLACE ?
Equator Patellary fossa IOP Light Optic nerve Hyaloid membrane Equator Lens Vitreus Gel
VARIOUS FORCES PLAY PART. . . Sclera Choroid Epithelial pump (suction power) Pigment epithelium Retina Neural retina Vitreus IOP and WATER STREAM from vitreus to choroid push the neural retina towards the pigment epithelium
WHY DETACHMENT OCCURS? PREDISPOSING FACTORS 1 -VITREUS DEGENERATİON 2 -PERIPHERAL RETINAL DEGENERATION 3 -VITREO-RETINAL ADHESIONS (fibrosis)
VITREUS DEGENERATION
Muscoe volitantes Light Syneresis Shadow
n flo 2. JPG
Syneresis Posterior hyaloid water Vitreus gel
Newtons first law of motion (Law of Inertia) Objects tend to keep on doing what they are doing. An object at rest tend to stay at rest , and an object in motion tend to stay in motion with the same speed and in the same direction
Vitreus collapse and vitreus shock (Photopsia) Posterior hyaloid rupture (Newtons 1 rst law of motion) Drained lagoon Vitreous gel collapsed Water moves behind Detached post. hyaloid
Vitreous traction Vitreoretinal adhesion
LATTICE DEGENERATION
Retinal tractional tear
Pigment epithelium Neural retina Water Tear
VITREUS DEGENERATION + PERIPHERAL RETINAL DEGENERATION + FIBROTIC TRACTION RETINAL TEAR RETINAL DETACHMENT
SIGNS and SYMPTOMS SUBJECTIVE I- Before the onset of retinal detachment (NOT CONSTANT) 1 -Entopsia A-muscoe volitantes (flying objects) B-photopsia (seeing lights that do not exist) II-After the retina is really detached 2 -loss of part of the visual field 3 -deterioration of visual acuity(when macula is involved)
OBJECTIVE 1 -Grey and elevated area(s) in ophthalmoscopy against red fundus reflex 2 -One or more retinal tear(s) in various shapes and locations 3 -Blurred vitreus in some cases, showing the existence of intravitreal hemorhage (due to retinal rupture)
DIAGNOSTIC TOOL OPHTHALMOSCOPY
TREATMENT SURGERY 1 -SCLERAL 2 -TRANSVITRERAL
- Slides: 30