RESULT BASED PLANNING RESULT BASED MANAGEMENT RBM Identification

RESULT BASED PLANNING / RESULT BASED MANAGEMENT (RBM) Identification & Formulation of Milestones HIV and AIDS Sector – Technical Review 29 th October 2008

What is a milestone • Literary definition – “A milestone is a ‘stone post at side of a road to show distance” • In programme planning a “Milestone is a scheduled event signifying the completion of a major deliverable or a set of related deliverables” and a flag in a work plan that some work has been accomplished • Milestones are used as a programme checkpoints to validate how programme is progressing and revalidate work. – A milestone is not an activity BUT an important recommendation that need to be implemented in order to accelerate change; an intermediate goal, an important event or a significant point or stage

What is a milestone (cont. . ) • A milestone is an intermediary result that shows the key steps to be realized to achieve the expected output • Together they reflect the process of how to realize the output • The milestone is a result and must be formulated as a result. – A milestone should not be confused with an activity

Example of a milestone Issue Milestone Financial & a) Key stakeholders are positively Budgeting engaged in the preparation of the budget guideline b) Financial accountability report for MDAs submitted to TACAIDS by end Oct 2008 Information Qtly report shared to all stakeholders flow Status

Results-Based Planning • A management strategy focused on achieving results – Processes and inputs desired results – Promote Transparency & Accountability for results • Allow Monitoring progress towards results • Provide space for Assessment and reporting on performance

Results-Chain Inputs Activities Outputs Outcomes Indicators Assumptions/Risks Impact

Results? • Measurable change in a state or condition as a result of a programmatic intervention • Derive from a causeand- effect relationship • three levels of results: § impact; § outcome; § output.

S Specific M Measurable A Achievable R Relevant T Time bound

Two major elements on results Change Causality Visible transformation • In a group • In an organization • In a society • In a country Cause and effect relationship between an action and the results achieved. “If-then” logic.

Hierarchy of Change Impact Outcome Output Long-term effects produced by a development intervention, directly or indirectly, intended or unintended. The likely or achieved short-term and medium-term effects of an intervention’s outputs. The products and services which result from the completion of activities within a development intervention.

Types of Change Impact Outcomes Output Changes in the lives of people: realisation of their rights Institutional Change: values, laws – associated with institutional performance, new institutions Behavioural change: new attitudes, practices Operational Change: products and services – knowledge, skills

A Typology for RBM Results Impact Like… n HIV incidence the reduced Outcome n the Outcome n Leadership e h t empowered Output Skills of NAC n the strengthened Activity Response brought to scale Train 250 district AIDS officers if Focus @ Timeframe Human! 5 -10 yrs Institutions/ Behaviours if Institutions/ Behaviours Knowledge, skills, if abilities, services 5 yrs more ive y t c le t Col ntabili ou c c A <3 yrs less if <1 yr

Identifying & Formulating Milestones

Checklist formulation of milestones • RBM (Result Based Management/Planning) – Check if milestones adds up to the output (what need to be achieved) – Check time scale: milestone 1 -5 year perspective – Appropriate level of joint responsibility – Appropriate level of expected change – Cause and effect relationship “if->then” (So what? ) • Formulation – use of change language – SMART • By when … by 2009 … – The “Change” is expressed changes in the conditions of people – Start with Qualified subject, sets precise criteria for success – Focus on the what and leaves the how open describes • focuses on results, leaving options on how to achieve them Overall coherence of results framework Thematic priorities per outcome Issues to consider when formulating milestones – Geographic area, target group / beneficiaries, quality & quantity • • •

Example Outcome Output Milestones Activities Indicators People, especially youth adopt protective behavior and utilize protective behavior All life skills teachers in the 10 districts with the highest adolescent HIV incidence rates have increased capacity by 2012 to teach life skills to school children List of lifeskills teachers in district with highest prevalence among youth are updated by mid 2008 - updated list of priority districts provide -Update of List of life skill school teachers # life skills teachers in the 10 districts with the highest adolescent HIV incidence rates The life skills curriculum is revised by end 2008 - Elaborate TOR - Recruit consultant - Revision of Curriculum - Pilot test curriculum Trainers of Trainers in Ministry of Education are trained on Lifeskill training in by 2009 - Identify To. T - Organise To. T workshop for Min of Education Life skill teachers in 5 districts are trained in life skills in by mid 2010 and end 2010

Refining Results 1. 2. 3. 4. Action Language To strengthen the capacity of teachers to teach life skills through training on gender sensitive, child friendly, learner directed learning approaches 1. 2. Take out information relating to strategy or activities 3. All teachers everywhere? By the year 2020? Be more specific 4. Bring the subject of change to the front and shift from passive to active language The capacity of teachers to teach life skills is strengthened By 2009, the capacity of all life skills teachers in the 10 districts with the highest adolescent HIV incidence rates is strengthened All life skills teachers in the 10 districts with the highest adolescent HIV incidence rates have increased capacity by 2009 to teach life skills to school children Change Language Results language to emphasise future condition

Let’s try some simple examples

When all results have been consolidated into one matrix, (eg an Annual Work Plan) go back and check the “if then” logic n the Strategic Result n Programme Result if the Result if n the Result if

EXAMPLES Action Language Change Language Goal: to decrease the number of children dying of AIDS and AIDS related causes Impact Result: Child mortality from AIDS and related causes decreased from 100% to 40% by 2010 Objective: to promote the use of long lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) Activity: train 1000 teachers in participatory learning techniques Indicators: number of TV and radio jingles providing malaria education; number of LLINs distributed Outcome Result: at least 80% of people in endemic areas sleep under a long lasting Insecticidal net Output Result: 2 teachers in 500 schools are trained in how to teach other teachers in participatory learning Indicator: % of people who know that sleeping under an ITN reduces the risk of malaria; % of people who sleep under a long lasting insecticidal net

Results Language = Change Language Action Language q expresses results from the provider’s perspective q can be interpreted in many ways q focuses on completion of activities Change Language q describes changes in the conditions of people q sets precise criteria for success q focuses on results, leaving options on how to achieve them

Extra examples on results based language

Change Language Action Language Expand the percentage of young people, successfully practicing strong life skills, including HIV/AIDS 75% of people aged 12 -24 are practicing abstinence, maintaining a monogamous relationship or consistently using condoms by 2010 Ensure that all pregnant women have access to PMTCT services The percentage of pregnant women using PMTCT services increased from 40% to 80% by 2010 Improve the care and support environment for orphans and vulnerable children 90% of identified orphans and vulnerable children in model districts are accessing social safety net package by 2008

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