Responsible Research and Innovation Networked Globally RRING Project

Responsible Research and Innovation Networked Globally (RRING) Project Impact of gender equality in research: Findings from the global survey Research Team Prof Udy Archibong - Lead (u. e. archibong@bradford. ac. uk) Dr Cyril Eshareturi Kingsley Utam Paul Agu UOB 2021 RRING-UNIBRAD Funded by European Union – Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for R&I [Grant Agreement No. 788503]

Talk Map § Introduction § Methodology § Thematic areas § Drivers of gender equality in research § Recommendations § Limitations UOB 2021 RRING-UNIBRAD Funded by European Union – Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for R&I [Grant Agreement No. 788503]

Introduction • • UOB This presentation is an excerpt from the T 4. 3. 4 report. T 4. 3. 4: The task involves a comparative analysis identifying key RRI players, leaders and networks globally, which are relevant to gender, diversity and inclusion. § In-depth Comparative analysis across the 4 Key Domains focusing on gender equality, diversity and inclusion. § A theme-specific high level comparative analysis across the geographies, for all RPOs and RFOs. § A theme-specific consideration of what the RRING research data show about the “linked up global” extent for RRI policy and practice, role of nation-states and international organizations in this global world of RRI in the context of gender, diversity and inclusion. 2021 RRING-UNIBRAD Funded by European Union – Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for R&I [Grant Agreement No. 788503]

Methodology – The research instrument • Online survey containing both open and closed ended items focusing on a wide range of topics. • A sample of 2300 respondents were included in the analysis. • Two relevant items of interest: q Item 2: Please list the steps you have taken to promote gender equality in your research and innovation work. q. Item 15: What else would you like to add relating to the topics covered in this survey? UOB 2021 RRING-UNIBRAD Funded by European Union – Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for R&I [Grant Agreement No. 788503]

Methodology – Content analysis • Content analysis – a method of undertaking both qualitative and quantitative analysis of a textual or nontextual message content (Neuendorf and kumar 2016). • A codebook or coding scheme was developed using a random sample of 10% of the data. The codebook contained the identified categories of codes with corresponding descriptions and examples drawn from the data. • Coding trials were conducted to assess the level of understanding of the identified codes. UOB 2021 RRING-UNIBRAD Funded by European Union – Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for R&I [Grant Agreement No. 788503]

Methodology – Content analysis • Data coding was done by two independent coders using Nvivo software. • Intercoder reliability (ICR) test was conducted using of Krippendorff’s Alpha (K-alpha) computation (Krippendorff, 2011). The tests were conducted at ten percent (10%), thirty percent (30%) and hundred per cent (100%) completion points of the data coding process. • At 100% survey ICR coding, two codes fell under the acceptable 0. 8 threshold (Codes 7 - Gender equality and the creation of social values, and 9 - Barriers to gender equality, diversity and inclusion in R&I) out of a total of 17 major codes. UOB 2021 RRING-UNIBRAD Funded by European Union – Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for R&I [Grant Agreement No. 788503]

Thematic Areas Gender equality as the focus of research • Gender equality as research topic or focus: Research studies focusing on gender equality, gender inclusion, women, men and people with non-binary gender identities. My Ph. D thesis and many of my work revolve around gender equality, women empowerment and family policy (Q 5 GE 7814) Usually take up research related go gender issues. Have non discriminatory inclusive policies and action plan (Q 6 GEE 494) UOB 2021 RRING-UNIBRAD Funded by European Union – Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for R&I [Grant Agreement No. 788503]

Gender equality as the focus of research - continued • Gender equality as a dimension within research: Consideration of specific gender equality perspectives within research. Making sure to analyse data to examine potential disparities in care by gender (Q 78 E 2 GD 1) I analyse results from the gender perspective when it is relevant (Q 2 D 6914 E) • Gender balance in research sample: Efforts to promote gender balance in research sample or participants or subjects. Research subjects involve both gender. My research team has good balance of both females and males (Q 6 G 67511) UOB 2021 RRING-UNIBRAD Funded by European Union – Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for R&I [Grant Agreement No. 788503]

Gender equality considerations in the recruitment of research teams • Gender balance in research teams: Efforts to ensure gender balance in the recruitment and selection of researchers for a project. I made sure that there is a gender balance in project teams (Q 86 D 5 EDE) Contributed to more gender balance in hiring committees, publications, and workshops that I co-organised (Q 5 GE 42 D 9) • Gender balance in research advisory boards: Efforts to promote gender equality in the composition of research advisory boards and other decision-making bodies. Gender balance on research advisory groups and bids (Q 787 D 2 G 4) UOB 2021 RRING-UNIBRAD Funded by European Union – Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for R&I [Grant Agreement No. 788503]

Involvement of women in research – Focus on women • Women as researchers: A considerable number of respondents focused on the involvement women in research. Request my project partners to include as many as possible female scholars in our research project (Q 6 GE 4 E 51) • Involvement of women as research subjects or participants: Specific mention of efforts to include women in research samples. … identifying the women interviewees and talking to them, (Q 2 D 15 D 65) • Involvement of women and girls as students: Encouragement of and support for female students. … promoted career of 2 female post-docs. Supported staff to take on female students (Q 78 E 474 E). UOB 2021 RRING-UNIBRAD Funded by European Union – Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for R&I [Grant Agreement No. 788503]

Mentorship, encouragement, training and support for female researchers • Mentorship of women: This includes references to mentorship, encouragement, or advice given to different gender categories to encourage their participation in certain research fields or to advance their careers in research. I currently mentor two junior researchers, both of whom are women and both of whom are from racial/ethnic groups that are under-represented in science. My decision to take these two juniors as mentees was strongly influenced by my recognition of the need for greater diversity in science, including, but not limited to gender diversity (Q 5 GEE 555) Promoting women's participation in training courses as well as research participation (Q 95 E 8 DDG) my lab is diverse and I encourage women to remain in STEM research and innovation (as Past president of two STEM organizations) (Q 1529996) UOB 2021 RRING-UNIBRAD Funded by European Union – Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for R&I [Grant Agreement No. 788503]

Compliance with rules, regulations and guidelines Compliance with funding guidelines: This involves promoting gender equality in order to meet funding guidelines and improve chances of wining research grants. Consideration of gender equality relating to GCRF bids (QGG 949 G 6) Involving women as a key ingredient in research proposals for international projects (Q 78 E 8241) Compliance with governmental or institutional rules and regulations: Promotion of gender equality to comply with institutional or governmental policies, rules and regulations. Athena Swan, policy engagement (QGG 441 D 6) UOB 2021 RRING-UNIBRAD Funded by European Union – Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for R&I [Grant Agreement No. 788503]

Critique of gender equality Risk of reverse discrimination I believe strongly in the need to be conscious of inherent or residual gender and or ethnic bias, but would not implement a policy of positive discrimination in order to artificially create a gender equal, or ethnically balanced research team. (Q 152 D 8 DE) Gender equality policies may be viewed as tokenistic and patronising Under university policy I have to but I do not agree with this policy as in the long-term I think it is more damaging than positive. Since this policy has come into being I have been asked to be the 'token female' for interviews, applications, panels etc. Never before in my professional experience had gender been an issue - everything was based on merit, now it isn't because of gender policy and that is infuriating and insulting (QE 52 E 2 D 5). UOB 2021 RRING-UNIBRAD Funded by European Union – Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for R&I [Grant Agreement No. 788503]

Critique of gender equality - continued Preference for meritocracy instead of gender equality The gender issue is much hung too high. It's about competence, creativity, discipline, perseverance, teamwork, leadership, motivation force, i. e. personal characteristics, regardless of gender (Q 2 D 16 D 84) UOB 2021 RRING-UNIBRAD Funded by European Union – Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for R&I [Grant Agreement No. 788503]

Drivers of gender equality in research • International recognition for research and innovation excellence for nation-states, researchers, RPOs and RFOs • Improvement in methodological rigour in research and innovation across the several dimensions including credibility, dependability, confirmability and transferability • Promoting sustainable communities as a result of better and inclusive research and innovation processes and outcomes • Conformance with governmental/institutional regulations UOB 2021 RRING-UNIBRAD Funded by European Union – Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for R&I [Grant Agreement No. 788503]

Recommendations • There is a need for targeted gender awareness-raising campaigns across the domains and geographies about the role of gender equality in research and innovation. This should also include trainings on how to integrate gender equality dimensions, diversity and inclusion in R&I and other sectors. • In response to the observed lack of or uncertainty about policies that promote gender equality in research, there is a need to improve the explicitness and visibility of existing policies through targeted multiple stakeholder campaigns across the RRING domains and regions. Also new policy instruments are required to tackle structural intersecting inequalities within organisations and in society. • Various forms of gender inequalities are persistent across the domains and geographies. This requires more deliberate actions from national, international organisations and researchers in understanding these inequalities and forge cross-regional/stakeholder collaborations towards creating pathways for positive change. UOB 2021 RRING-UNIBRAD Funded by European Union – Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for R&I [Grant Agreement No. 788503]

Limitations • Focus of the survey items • Limited data • Possible loss of meaning during machine translation • Inability to pursue important leads UOB 2021 RRING-UNIBRAD Funded by European Union – Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for R&I [Grant Agreement No. 788503]