Responsibilities of developed countries Global Sustainable Development Developed

Responsibilities of developed countries

Global Sustainable Development (Developed Countries) • Reduce use of scarce resources and reduce pollution • Reduce ‘carbon footprint’

Global Sustainable Development (Developing Countries) • Gain greater access to clean water, electricity and health care. • Trade (What? ) with developed countries • With developed countries attempting to shrink their markets to reduce consumption, this makes it more difficult for developing countries to penetrate these markets

United Nations General Assembly • Authorises Earth Summits of all nations to meet to discuss sustainable development. • World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) – focus point at national level to implement Earth Summit agreements. (global trade/ reduction…. )

Global Sustainable Development ACTION POINTS 1. Improve analysis, public awareness and participation 2. Providing incentives for sustainable consumption 3. Energy: sustainable use, efficiency and renewable sources 4. Implementing new strategies for transportation 5. Accelerating the use of more efficient and cleaner technologies. 6. Strengthening international action and cooperation Discuss……How? AGREE CHANGES IMPLEMENT CHANGES

Impact of industrialisation on global warming and climate change KYOTO PROTOCOL (Kyoto, Japan (1997) International Treaty on the contribution of human activities to global warming • Sets targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 5%. . . • Prevent dangerous changes to our climate • 169 countries……. 62% of worlds emissions Discuss…. . Why have others not joined? • Common but ‘different’ responsibilities •

Impact of industrialisation on global warming and climate change KYOTO PROTOCOL (Kyoto, Japan (1997) 1. The largest share of global emissions comes from developed countries 2. Emissions in developing countries are still low. Discuss…. Why? 3. The share of global emissions will grow to meet social and developing needs

Impact of industrialisation on global warming and climate change KYOTO PROTOCOL (Kyoto, Japan (1997) • Developing countries are exempt from emission reductions targets • USA have never confirmed their participation!! Discuss……. . Why? ?

No Fossil Fuel Obligation (NFFO 1989) • • • UK Government to reduce carbon emissions by 50% by 2050!! 2002 – all electricity suppliers to source 10% from renewable technologies Wind (8% cheaper than coal/ nuclear)……cost has reduced considerably by increasing the size of turbines (fewer needed) Wave and Tidal (UK) – untapped resource considering Europe has the best wave and tidal resource in Europe! Potentially it could provide a considerable proportion of the UKs energy needs. Devices are currently under development. However, such technologies face a number of challenges before they can become fully operational on a large commercial basis Discuss…. . The development of offshore wind farms and wave and tidal technologies will affect the coastal regions of the UK. What effect could they have upon shipping and other commercial practices on which the UK relies?

Reducing your ‘carbon footprint’ • Measure of the impact of human activities have on the environment • Greenhouse gases measured in units of carbon dioxide • Examples……house hold/ travel • Energy saving activities……… • Carbon offsetting – planting trees, conservation of wildlife habitats…

LCA – Life Cycle Assessment • Analysis – to determine current carbon footprint levels and ways to improve • Identify hotspots in production process • Optimising energy efficiency – reducing emissions • Identify carbon off setting solutions to neutralise the emissions that cannot be eliminated by energy saving measures

Sustainable Timber Production • • • Deforestation – the full scale removal of forest to make way for land uses such as settlement, infrastructure or mining. 17 Million hectares each year! Cant keep up with the regeneration! Environmental degradation of forest areas - linked to deforestation can be soiled erosion, watershed destabilisation and micro climate change. Industrial air pollution also reduces forest health. Loss of Biodiversity – deforestation and environmental degradation contribute to a rapid reduction in the ecosystem, species and genetic diversity in both natural and planted forests. 1% of all species lost each year ! Justify the widespread use of pine furniture for homes.

Sustainable Timber Production • Loss of livelihood – forest dependant peoples, particularly in poor countries • Climate change – regional and global contributions to global warming. Forests play a major role in carbon storage and with their removal more CO 2 enters the atmosphere. Are there ways you can offset your carbon use?

Responsibilities • Importation from sources that involve deforestation • Moving to supply sources of surplus, such as, Chile, New Zealand, Brazil…. • Legislation and certification proving sustainable sources • Timber tracing and identification to prove sources • Reducing consumption through education and design – examples…. • Encouraging exporting nations to comply with sustainable forest management • Supporting international efforts to control trade in unsustainable wood • Improving the aid process to poor communities affected by deforestation