Responses to Classical Liberalism SOCIAL STUDIES 30 1

Responses to Classical Liberalism SOCIAL STUDIES 30 -1

Outcomes �Analyze ideologies that developed in response to classical liberalism (classical conservatism, Marxism, socialism, welfare capitalism)

Overview Classical Liberalism theory practice Opposition to liberalism Luddites Chartists Socialists Classical Conservatism Reaction by Liberals Welfare capitalism Welfare state Keynesian economics

Organizing Information for Responses to Liberalism � For each response, provide: Time frame People/groups involved What was their response to liberalism? What were their beliefs? What were the results/outcomes of this new movement? What impact did these new ideologies/beliefs have on society? � Responses Luddites Chartists Socialism Utopian Socialism Marxism Classical Conservatism Welfare Capitalism Keynesian Economics

Example Response Luddites Chartists Socialism Ut. Socialism Marxism Cl. Conservatism Welfare Capitalism Keynesian Econ. Time People/ Groups Involved Response to liberalism/ beliefs Results/ outcomes/ impact

Socialist Ideologies �An ideology based on collectivist values �Specifics Resources should be controlled by the public for the benefit of everyone in society and not by private interests and not for the benefit of the individual Economic equality Security Cooperation Control and direction in the economy �Developed out of a want to reform political, social, and economic structures of 19 th century

�Examples Utopian Socialism Marxism

Marxism �Marxism is a radical form of socialism. Also termed scientific socialism or communism. Many of Marx’s ideas were socialist and collectivist in nature, but many of his ideas were used to create extreme forms of socialism. �Marx and Engels Communist Manifesto, 1848 �Marx believed that society would undergo a major revolution in order for the proletariat to rule. See Figure 4 -6, page 136 �Review except from Communist Manifesto on pages 136 -137

Communism �The abolition of private property and the centralization of the means of production (such as factories and machinery) in the hands of the state would become essential characteristics of the economy of countries that implemented Marxist ideas and communism. �Also known as command economy or planned economy (government planners make decisions and means of production are owned by the state. )

Moderate Socialism �“Voices” on page 138 -139 �Questions 1 -5

Classical Conservatism �Classical conservatism as a reaction (reactionary) to classical liberalism �Wanted to revert back to the way things were before �Edmund Burke and classical conservatives beliefs: Society should be hierarchical (people are not equal—some people suited for leadership) Limited electorate to choose government Care for the welfare of others Stability of society is paramount—achieved through law and order and the maintenance of the customs and traditions that bind society together.

Review �Journal “Why did ideologies develop in response to classical liberalism? What classical beliefs and values were challenged by these “new ideologies?

The Liberal Response �Those with liberal values responded to these new ideologies with: Welfare capitalism/welfare state Keynesian Economics

Change �View the Figure 4 -8 cartoon on page 142 �What is the artist of this cartoon saying about change and adaptation? �Is it important that societies their guiding ideologies change and adapt?

And now, a break…

Welfare Capitalism �Generally refers to a classical liberal economic system combined with a government that uses legislation to give workers protections such as limited working hours and a minimum wage, and a safety net with features like pensions and medical insurance. �Further develops out of great depression—we see the establishment of welfare states

Keynesian Economics �John Maynard Keynes—British economist �Recession deepened through the 1930 s �Observing this, Keynes believed that classical liberal economic theory was based on a fundamental error. He believed that when supply and demand were in balance, that this would not necessarily result in full employment, etc.

Figure 4 -11, pages 146 -147 �Keynesian Economics �Keynes believed that in order to lesson the severity of a recession, governments should spend more money and reduce taxes. This would leave individuals more money to spend and invest into the economy. �He also believed that in times of inflation (boom times), government should spend less money and raise taxes. �Also known as demand-side economics �To what extent can Keynes be considered the originator of the mixed economy (modified market economy)?

Examples �As a class, read “Keynes’s Theories in Practice: The Advent of the Welfare State”

Skill Path �Page 151 �With a partner �Page 153, questions 1 -3 �Be sure to follow the instruction carefully �Review, Discuss

Mr. Hronek’s Connection to History � One of the Anarchist involved in the unrest in Chicago in the 1880 s was John Hronek � Hronek was convicted to and sentenced to 12 years in prison for the attempted assassination of the state’s Attorney General � For “some reason” my family of Hroneks came to Canada, from Chicago, at the turn of the century.

To Discuss �Page 150 �#2—discuss as class �#3—do on the board, as a class

To Summarize �Journal: What ideology better suited the needs of society, classical liberalism and an ideology that developed in response to classical liberalism? Which of these ideologies is utilized most currently in the world? Today, is one ideology better suited to meet the needs of society Ideologies that we have looked at in this section: (classical liberalism, socialism, Marxism, Classical conservatism) and ideas around welfare states and Keynesian economics.