RESPIRATORY Upper Respiratory external nares nostrils nasal cavity

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RESPIRATORY

RESPIRATORY

Upper Respiratory

Upper Respiratory

external nares (nostrils)

external nares (nostrils)

nasal cavity

nasal cavity

nasal septum

nasal septum

Perpendicular plate

Perpendicular plate

vomer bone

vomer bone

internal nares The nose leads to the pharynx through this pair of openings creating

internal nares The nose leads to the pharynx through this pair of openings creating a pathway for air to reach the lungs

Nasal conchae superior middle inferior Thin scroll-shaped bony structures that force air over a

Nasal conchae superior middle inferior Thin scroll-shaped bony structures that force air over a large surface area for rapid warming and filtering

Paranasal sinuses

Paranasal sinuses

ethmoid Contains 3 -18 small air spaces or “cells” inside ethmoid bone

ethmoid Contains 3 -18 small air spaces or “cells” inside ethmoid bone

frontal

frontal

maxillary

maxillary

sphenoid

sphenoid

hard palate

hard palate

pharynx Throat: extends from internal nares down to the larynx

pharynx Throat: extends from internal nares down to the larynx

nasopharynx Posterior to nasal cavity and extends to the plane of the soft palate

nasopharynx Posterior to nasal cavity and extends to the plane of the soft palate

oropharynx Posterior to oral cavity and extends from soft palate to the level of

oropharynx Posterior to oral cavity and extends from soft palate to the level of the hyoid bone

laryngopharynx Begins at the level of the hyoid bone and connects the esophagus with

laryngopharynx Begins at the level of the hyoid bone and connects the esophagus with the larynx (voice box)

larynx

larynx

epiglottis

epiglottis

thyroid cartilage

thyroid cartilage

arytenoid cartilage

arytenoid cartilage

corniculate cartilage

corniculate cartilage

cricoid cartilage

cricoid cartilage

Vocal cords False vocal cord True vocal cord

Vocal cords False vocal cord True vocal cord

glottis (opening)

glottis (opening)

Lower Respiratory Tract

Lower Respiratory Tract

trachea

trachea

carina One of the most sensitive areas for triggering a cough reflex

carina One of the most sensitive areas for triggering a cough reflex

respiratory tree Begins at the trachea and ends at the terminal bronchioles Trachea Primary

respiratory tree Begins at the trachea and ends at the terminal bronchioles Trachea Primary Bronchi Secondary Bronchi Tertiary Bronchioles Terminal Bronchioles

primary bronchi

primary bronchi

secondary (lobar) bronchi

secondary (lobar) bronchi

tertiary (segmental) bronchi

tertiary (segmental) bronchi

intralobular bronchiole

intralobular bronchiole

terminal bronchiole

terminal bronchiole

respiratory bronchiole

respiratory bronchiole

alveolar duct

alveolar duct

alveolar sac

alveolar sac

alveoli

alveoli

lungs

lungs

lobes

lobes

Right lung �– 3 lobes

Right lung �– 3 lobes

Left lung �– 2 lobes

Left lung �– 2 lobes

RESPIRATORY MUSCLES KNOW the muscle involved in normal and forced ventilation

RESPIRATORY MUSCLES KNOW the muscle involved in normal and forced ventilation

INSPIRATORY MUSCLES

INSPIRATORY MUSCLES

diaphragm

diaphragm

external intercostals

external intercostals

sternocleidomastoid

sternocleidomastoid

pectoralis minor

pectoralis minor

scalenes

scalenes

EXPIRATORY MUSCLES

EXPIRATORY MUSCLES

internal intercostals

internal intercostals

rectus abdominis

rectus abdominis

external oblique

external oblique

internal oblique

internal oblique

Transverse abdominis

Transverse abdominis

parietal pleura � Outer membrane � Contacts ribs

parietal pleura � Outer membrane � Contacts ribs

visceral pleura � Inner membrane � Covers lung � Like cellophane

visceral pleura � Inner membrane � Covers lung � Like cellophane

pleural cavity � Space between

pleural cavity � Space between