Respiratory System Lecture 2 Bronchioles Question Are the
Respiratory System Lecture 2
Bronchioles Question: Are the alveoli always at the end of the 24 th division of the tertiary (segmental) bronchi? Answer: (See figure) This number is approximate. These bronchi can divide up to 24 times, but don’t always. http: //www. ecc-book. com/Anatomy_Lecture_1_Lungs. pdf
Pleurae • 2 separate sacs • Pleural layers continuous in each sac • Costal: pertaining to ribs Zemlin, W. R. (1998). Pg. 41
Overview Bones Ribs/ribcage Vertebral column Muscles Thoracic Accessory Diaphragm Abdominal
Clavicle and Sternum • Clavicle (collarbone) • Sternum (breastbone) • Manubrium • Sternal angle • Body • Xiphoid/Ensiform process http: //www. daviddarling. info/encyclopedia/R/rib-cage. html
Vertebral Column C 1 -C 7 • 32 -34 Vertebrae • • T 1 -T 12 7 cervical (C#) 12 thoracic (T#) 5 lumbar (L#) 5 sacral (S#) L 1 -L 5 • fused- sacrum • 3 -5 coccygeal (none) • fused- coccyx Sacrum Coccyx http: //www. everythingicafe. com/forum/threads/this-case-looks-awesome. 28863/page-
Rib Anatomy • • 2 connections with thoracic vertebrae Angle: where direction of rib changes to anterior Costal groove: protects blood vessels and nerves Costochondral joint: connects rib (bone) and costal cartilage http: //home. comcast. net/~wnor/thoraxbones. htm
Ribs: Vertebral Connections Zemlin, W. R. (1998). Pg. 48. http: //retilde. wordpress. com/category/rib-cage/
Ribcage • 12 rib pairs • Connected to vertebrae • True ribs (7) • Synchondrosis (rib 1) • synovial/sternocostal joints • False ribs (3) • Floating ribs (2) http: //www. daviddarling. info/encyclopedia/R/rib-cage. html http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=PNo 5 HJIY 5 w 4
Scapula (shoulder blade) http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Scapula
Overview Bones Ribs/ribcage Vertebral column Muscles Thoracic Accessory Diaphragm Abdominal
Thoracic Muscles External Intercostal s Internal Intercostal s Abdominal Muscles Rectus Abdominu s Obliques (2) Transvers us Abdominu s Accessory Muscles Sternocleido - mastoid Transvers us Thoracis Serratus (3) Scalenus Levatores Costarum Diaphragm
Thoracic Muscles External Intercostals Internal Intercostals
Chest Wall/Thoracic Cavity Muscles • External intercostals • Between ribs (11) • Origin: vertebrae • Course down and lateral • Insertion: costal cartilages • Contract: ribs move up and out http: //www. anatomyexpert. com/structure_detail/5283/ Zemlin, W. R. (1998). Pg. 59
Chest Wall/Thoracic Cavity Muscles • Internal intercostals • Between ribs (11) • Origin: sternum • Course down and lateral (opposite external intercostals) • Insertion: rib angle • Contract: ribs move down and in http: //www. anatomyexpert. com/structure_detail/5287/ Zemlin, W. R. (1998). Pg. 59
Thoracic Muscles External Intercostal s Internal Intercostal s Abdominal Muscles Rectus Abdominu s Obliques (2) Transvers us Abdominu s Accessory Muscles Sternocleido - mastoid Transvers us Thoracis Serratus (3) Scalenus Levatores Costarum Diaphragm
Accessory Muscles Sternocleido - mastoid Transversu s Thoracis Levatores Costarum Serratus Anterior Posterior Superior Scalenus Posterior Inferior
Accessory Muscles • Sternocleidomasto id • Origins: manubrium of sternum and clavicle • Unite and course upward • Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone • Contract: when head is fixed, bilateral contraction elevates http: //www. anatomyexpert. com/structure_detail/5086 sternum, clavicle, Hixon, T. J. , et al. (2008). Pg. 1
Accessory Muscles • Transversus thoracis • Origin: lower sternum • Insertion: upper ribs • Contract: depresses ribs http: //www. anatomyexpert. com/structure_detail/528 9/ Hixon, T. J. , et al. (2008). Pg. 1
Accessory Muscles • Scalenus • Origin: cervical vertebrae • Insertion: ribs 1 & 2 • Contract: raises ribs http: //www. anatomyexpert. com/structure_detail/5270/ http: //www. anatomyexpert. com/structure_detail/5267/ http: //www. anatomyexpert. com/structure_detail/5262/ Hixon, T. J. , et al. (2008). Pg. 1
Accessory Muscles • Serratus anterior • Origin: ribs • Insertion: scapula • Contract: elevates ribs • Serratus posterior superior • Origin: cervical/thoracic vertebrae • Insertion: upper ribs • Contract: elevates ribs • Serratus posterior inferior • Origin: thoracic/lumbar vertebrae • http: //www. anatomyexpert. com/structure_detail/5505/ Insertion: lower ribs http: //www. anatomyexpert. com/structure_detail/5284/ • http: //www. anatomyexpert. com/structure_detail/5285/ Contract: depresses ribs Hixon, T. J. , et al. (2008). Pg. 1
Accessory Muscles • Levatores costarum • Origin: cervical/thoracic vertebrae • Insertion: rib below origin • Contract: elevate ribs (similar to external intercostals) http: //www. anatomyexpert. com/structure_detail/5238/ Hixon, T. J. , et al. (2008). Pg. 1
Thoracic Muscles External Intercostal s Internal Intercostal s Abdominal Muscles Rectus Abdominu s Obliques (2) Transvers us Abdominu s Accessory Muscles Sternocleido - mastoid Transvers us Thoracis Serratus (3) Scalenus Levatores Costarum Diaphragm
Diaphragm
Diaphragm • Major muscle of inspiration • Sheet of muscle and tendon between the lungs and abdomen • Dome-shaped • Muscle: 3 attachments • Sternal origin: Xiphoid process • Costal origin: costal cartilages 712 • Vertebral origin: upper lumbar vertebrae (crura) • Right crus: L 1 -L 3 or L 4 • Left crus: L 1 -L 2 Hixon, T. J. , et al. (2008). Pg. 2
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