Respiratory System Drugs affect respiratory system belong to

Respiratory System

Drugs affect respiratory system belong to the following : 1 - Antitussive (Treat cough ). 2 - Expectorant and mucolytic. Liquefied remove 3 - reducing secretions during anesthesia and surgery. 4 - Anti asthmatics : Dilation of bronchi.

Antitussive Agents This agents is used to treat dry cough when there is un useful action performed. If the patient has participate with health problem like surgery. or it cause sleepless , we should suppress the cough even if it productive. Treatment : Steam inhalation : It help to increase humidity and help to remove secretions. No adverse effect reported

Cough suppressant Codeine : (CNS effect ). Uses : stope dry cough , Sedative Adverse reaction : 1 - It can tern in to morphine which cause addict. 2 - Constipation Dextromethorphan (Kafozed). Stope dry cough , no suffer from morphine Adverse reaction Not used for children < 6 years Cause sleep

Drugs used Peripherally Anti histamines : (Histop). Uses 1 - If the cough is due to allergic reaction. 2 - used as antitussive. Percussions : 1 - not preferred with asthma attack 2 - some cause sleep

Expectorants and mucolytic Bromhexien (Riaxein ): Uses : 1 - produce liquefaction of miscue. 2 - removing secretion easier. Drugs help remove secretion after surgery : Atropine : help to reduce secretions in respiratory due to anesthesia or surgery.

Treatment bronchial asthma

Asthma Is Chronic Disease Has both inflammatory and bronchospasm components

Definition Asthma Narrowing of the bronchi by: Spasm of the circular muscle in the bronchial wall Inflammation with edema of the bronchial mucosa Trigger factors: Infection Exercise Various allergies

Inhaled B 2 agonists: Salbutamol used as Prophylaxis (prevent asthma ) alone not enough should be combined with steroids. It’s a quick relief from asthma but short action (3 -4 hr) Oral salbutamol not very effective Used to treat acute asthma attack Salmeterol better than Salbutamol in long action up to 12 hr but slow onset used to treat moderate asthma Side effects: Tachycardia and arrhythmias convulsions

B 2 agonists: Aminophylline , Theophylline(tablet ) Relaxes the bronchial tree , but (narrow therapeutic use ) careful use. Side effects: Nausea Gastric upset. Tachycardia and arrhythmias

Ipratropium bromide: Powerful local action For patient not responding to B 2 agonists because it work to block Muscarinic receptor. Combined with B 2 agonists or steroids Side effects: Unpleasant taste Dry mouth Systemic effect small

Steroids drugs : Corticosteroids: All corticosteroids drug are beneficial in severe asthma Beclazone Fluticasone (less systemic effects) In asthma status paternal steroid are life savers Can be used as anti-inflammatory Side effects Toxicity can appear Hoarse voice (weakening of vocal cords) disappear after stopping or reducing the dose Children on high doses may show reduced growth rate Oral prednisolone may used for treat t resistant asthma cases using the min. effective dose

Toxicity of corticosteroids

Leukotriene antagonists Leukotriene Receptor Blockers Montelukast (used as Prophylaxis (prevent asthma ) These drugs are orally active and have been shown to be effective in preventing exercise induced bronchospasm. Toxicity is generally low

Respiratory Gases Some gases can be used as a therapy given direct in the respiratory system : 1 - Oxygen 2 - hyperbaric oxygen 3 - Carbondixid 4 - Helium

Oxygen 1 - Treat hypoxia in blood 2 - Help in diseases of heart or lung cause decrease in oxygen level in blood. 3 - Help in the decrease in oxygen flow due to cold weather. Hyperbaric Oxygen : 1 - Help in respiratory diseases for new born 2 - Carbon monoxide poisoning. 3 - Help in open heart surgery

Carbon dioxide 1 - In high concentration decrease heart rate (myocardia contraction ) 2 - small concentration stimulate CNS 3 - Increase both rate and the depth of respiratory. Adverse reaction : Headache , dizziness , palpitation and confusion Helium : 1 - used to treat prolonged asthmatic attack Adverse reaction : Convulsion , depression