Respirators should only be used as a last

Respirators should only be used as a "last line of defense" when engineering control systems are not feasible. Engineering control systems, such as adequate ventilation or scrubbing of contaminants should be used to negate the need for respirators.

GENERAL USE CONDITIONS v. JOB TASK DESCRIPTION v. DURATION AND FREQUENCY OF USE v. LOCATION OF USE v. PHYSICAL DEMANDS v. MEDICAL CLEARANCE

NIOSH recommends that air sampling be conducted to determine exposure levels found in the workplace. A combination of air sampling and exposure modeling is often used to make reasonable estimates of exposure. Ideally, this determination should be made by a professional industrial hygienist.

PRIOR TO USING A RESPIRATOR YOU MUST ü BE TRAINED IN ACCORDANCE WITH OSHA STANDARD ü BE MEDICALLY CLEARED TO USE A RESPIRATOR ü SELECT THE PROPER MASK ü BE FITTED FOR THAT MASK

RESPIRATOR SELECTION Ø BASED ON SPECIFIC THREAT Ø BASED ON QUANTITY OR AIR CONCENTRATION OF THREAT

THREATS Ø OXYGEN DEFICIENT ATMOSPHERE Ø IDLH ATMOSPHERES Ø UNKNOWN LEVEL OF CONTAMINANT Ø HARMFUL PARTICULATES Ø HARMFUL GASSES OR VAPORS

OXYGEN DEFICIENT ATMOSPHERES Ø BREATHING AIR IS COMPOSED OF A MIXTURE OF SEVERAL GASSES Ø OXYGEN COMPRISES 19% Ø BODY FUNCTION DETERIORATES AT LESS THAN 19% OXYGEN

CAUSES OF OXYGEN DEFICIENCY Ø OXYGEN CONSUMPTION Ø OXYGEN DILUTION Ø OXYGEN SUBSTITUTION

OXYGEN CONSUMPTION AVAILABLE O 2 IS USED UP THROUGH BREATHING, WORK PROCESS OR ACCIDENT/EMERGENCY

OXYGEN DILUTION INCREASING THE PERCENTAGE OF ONE OR MORE GASSES BRINGS DOWN THE PERCENTAGE OF OXYGEN

OXYGEN SUBSTITUTION CERTAIN GASSES SUCH AS CARBON MONOXIDE OR CYANIDE CAN INTERFERE WITH THE DELIVERY OF OXYGEN TO THE CELLS IN OUR BODY

PARTICULATES Ø Ø Ø SOLIDS IN THE AIR MAY BE LIQUIDS (MISTS & SPRAYS) MAY BE FUMES (METAL PARTICLES RELEASED BY HEATING) SOME BE VERY HARMFUL (LEAD & ASBESTOS) OTHERS MAY BE NUISANCE DUSTS

GASSES AND VAPORS EASILY DIFFUSE THROUGHOUT A ROOM Ø MAY HAVE COLOR Ø MAY HAVE ODOR Ø MAY BE IRRITATING Ø MAY HAVE NO IDENTIFYING PROPERTIES Ø

TYPES OF RESPIRATORS POSITIVE PRESSURE

Ø POWERED BY YOUR LUNGS Ø DRAWS CONTAMINANT TOWARDS THE MASK Ø LOWER END OF PROTECTION SCALE ½ MASKS DUST MASKS FULL FACE MASKS

POSITIVE PRESSURE SUPPLIES AIR TO THE USER Ø COMPRESSED AIR TANKS Ø COMPRESSOR Ø POWERED AIR-PURIFYING RESPIRATOR (PAPR) Ø PUSHES CONTAMINANT AWAY FROM THE MASK Ø HIGH END OF PROTECTION SCALE Ø

COMPRESSED AIR Ø GRADE D QUALITY Ø 19% OXYGEN & REMAINING GASSES EQUAL TO ROOM AIR Ø WATER VAPOR Ø HYDROCARBONS Ø DELIVERED BY TANKS OR COMPRESSORS

GRADE D AIR

COMPRESSORS SPECIFIC FOR RESPIRATOR USE Ø SUBJECT TO FAILURE Ø LOCATION OF INLET CRITICAL Ø SYNTHETIC AND OIL LUBRICATED MODELS Ø OIL LUBRICATED MUST HAVE CARBON MONOXIDE MONITOR AND ALARM Ø FILTERS REMOVE CONTAMINANTS Ø

NOT ALL COMPRESSORS ARE CREATED EQUAL!

EMERGENCY ESCAPE BA FOR IMMEDIATE ESCAPE FROM IDLH ATMOSPHERES Ø 5, 10 OR 15 MINUTE AIR SUPPLY DEPENDENT ON THE UNIT AND/OR USER Ø MANDATORY FOR CONFINED SPACE AND IDLH Ø

RESPIRATOR SELECTION Ø OXYGEN DEFICIENT ATMOSPHRES Ø IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LIFE AND HEALTH ATMOSPHERES (IDLH) RESPIRATOR CHOICES SELF CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS TYPE C SYSTEM WITH AN ESCAPE SCBA

SCBA APPLICATIONS Ø FIRE FIGHTING Ø CBRN RESPONSE Ø GENERAL INDUSTRY

SCBA LIMITS Ø PRIMARILY LIMITED BY TIME OF TASK Ø TANKS RATED FOR 15, 30, 45 OR 60 MINUTES Ø PHYSICAL CONDITION OF USER Ø PHYSICAL EXERTION Ø STRESS Ø WEIGHT OF UNIT

PROTECTION FACTOR EACH RESPIRATOR TYPE HAS AN ASSIGNED PROTECTION FACTOR (APF) Ø APF IS USED IN RESPIRATOR SELECTION Ø ½ MASK 10 FULL FACEPIECE 50

APFs Ø OSHA PEL IS THE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE LEVEL OF CONTAMINANT EXPOSURE IN THE RESPIRATOR Ø APF MULTIPLIED BY THE PEL IS THE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE LEVEL OF CONTAMINANT OUTSIDE THE MASK

Ø EXAMPLE ½ MASK APF = 10 ASBESTOS PEL = 0. 1 f/cc HIGHEST TOLERABLE LEVEL INSIDE THE MASK = 0. 1 f/cc HIGHEST CONCENTRATION OUTSIDE THE MASK = 1 f/cc 10 (APF) x 0. 1 f/cc (PEL) = 1 f/cc

RESPIRATOR SELECTION Ø PARTICULATES FILTER EFFICIENCY VARIES N-100 N-99 N-95 P-100 P-99 P-95 R-100 R-99 P-95 EFFECTIVE AT 0. 3 MICRONS 99. 97% 99% 95%

NRP N = NON RESISTANT TO OIL OK FOR SOLID & WATER BASED AEROSOLS R = RESISTANT TO OIL OK FOR SOLID & WATER BASED AEROSOLS P = RESISTANT TO OIL OK FOR SOLID & WATER BASED AEROSOLS

FILTER CHANGES IN GENERAL, REPLACE IF DAMAGED, SOILED, NOTICEABLE BREATHING RESISTANCE Ø N FILTERS EVERY 8 HOURS IF HEAVY DUST LOAD UNLESS DETERMINED TO BE EFFECTIVE BEYOND 8 HOURS (NIOSH) Ø P FILTERS EVERY 8 HOURS IF OIL AEROSOL IS PRESENT UNLESS DETERMINED TO BE EFFECTIVE BEYOND 8 HOURS (NIOSH) Ø R FILTERS CHANGES BASED ON MANUFACTURER’S RECOMMENDATIONS WHEN OIL IS PRESENT Ø

Although odor should not be relied on for cartridge/canister change out, workers should be trained to exit the contaminated area whenever they detect the odor or experience any irritation symptoms of the contaminant. Ø If workers are detecting the odor before the end of the change schedule, the respirator program administrator should reevaluate this respirator use; i. e. , the change schedule, the workplace concentrations or the other use conditions (relative humidity (RH), work rate, etc. ). Ø

FILTER/CARTRIDGE CODES COLOR CODED BY CONTENTS AND CONTAMINANTS Ø INDUSTRY WIDE STANDARD Ø OLIVE COMBINATION WHITE ACID GAS BLACK ORGANICS GREEN AMMONIA GAS YELLOW AG/OV PURPLE N-100 ORANGE R-100, 99, P-99, 95 TEAL (NO OIL) N-100, 99, 95

How to inspect, put on and remove, use, and check the seals of the respirator Ø Prior to the selection process, the test subject shall be shown how to put on a respirator, how it should be positioned on the face, how to set strap tension and how to determine an acceptable fit.

Negative pressure check CLOSE OFF THE INLET OPENING OF THE FILTER, CANISTER OR CARTRIDGE USE HANDS, LATEX GLOVE CAN BE USED IF HANDS CAN NOT BLOCK THE INLET INHALE LIGHTLY AND HOLD FOR 10 SECONDS FACEPIECE SHOULD COLLAPSE SLIGHLTY NO INWARD LEAKAGE SHOULD BE NOTED

Positive pressure check Ø CLOSE OFF THE EXHALATION VALVE Ø GENTLY EXHALE INTO THE MASK Ø PRESSURE IN THE MASK SHOULD INCREASE Ø NO OUTWARD LEAKAGE SHOULD BE DETECTABLE

USER SEAL CHECK USED FOR TIGHT FITTING MASKS Ø NOT A SUBSTITUTE FOR QUALITATIVE OR QUANTITATIVE FIT TESTING Ø USED EACH TIME A RESPIRATOR IS PUT ON Ø USE POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE PRESSURE CHECK Ø MAY SUBSTITUTE MANUFACTURER’S USER SEAL CHECK METHOD Ø

FACIAL HAIR The employer shall not permit respirators with tight-fitting facepieces to be worn by employees who have facial hair that comes between the sealing surface of the facepiece and the face or that interferes with valve function or any condition that interferes with the face-to-facepiece seal or valve function.

Facial hair Ø The test shall not be conducted if there is any hair growth between the skin and the facepiece sealing surface, such as stubble beard growth, beard, mustache or sideburns which cross the respirator sealing surface. Any type of apparel which interferes with a satisfactory fit shall be altered or removed.

QUANTITATIVE FIT TESTING OBJECTIVE TEST Ø MEASURES LEVELS OF AMBIENT DUST OUTSIDE AND INSIDE FACE PIECE Ø COMPARES OUTSIDE TO INSIDE DUST LEVELS Ø ESTABLISHED TOLERANCES Ø MUST BE USED IF FIT FACTOR IS OVER 100 Ø

FIT FACTORS TIGHT FITTING MASK FIT FACTOR ½ MASK 100 FULL FACEPIECE 500

WHAT IS THE FIT FACTOR? FIT FACTOR OF 100 MEANS NO MORE THAN ONE PARTICLE OF DUST IN THE MASK FOR EVERY 100 PARTICLES OF DUST OUTSIDE THE MASK

QUALITATIVE FIT TEST Ø SUBJECTIVE Ø CHALLENGE AGENT IRRITANT SMOKE (STANNIC CHLORIDE) ODOR (BANANA OIL) TASTE (SACCHARINE, BITREX) MAY BE USED IF FIT FACTOR TO BE ACHIEVED IS 100 OR LESS

RESPIRATOR CLEANING General procedures for cleaning respirators Ø May use alternative cleaning recommendations provided by the manufacturer of the respirators provided such procedures are as effective Ø Must ensure that the respirator is properly cleaned and disinfected in a manner that prevents damage to the respirator and does not cause harm to the user. Ø

RESPIRATOR CLEANING Ø Respirators issued to more than one employee shall be cleaned and disinfected before being worn by different individuals Ø Respirators maintained for emergency use shall be cleaned and disinfected after each use Ø Respirators used in fit testing and training shall be cleaned and disinfected after each use