Respiration Life processes Breathing Gas exchange Digestion Circulation

Respiration Life processes Breathing Gas exchange Digestion Circulation Lungs Oxygen Blood Heart Nutrition Diaphragm Carbon dioxide Blood vessels Haemoglobin Enzymes Artery Capillary Vein Energy Glucose

alveoli – tiny air sacs in the lung across which gas exchange occurs large intestine – a final part of the digestive system; absorbs water from the remaining (singular = ‘alveolus’) indigestible food matter amino acid – individual components that make up proteins lungs – a pair of organs in the chest that serve to remove carbon dioxide and anus – the final opening of the digestive tract through provide oxygen to the blood which indigestible material is removed minerals – chemical elements required by living organisms to grow, develop and stay artery – a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart healthy, e. g. calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, zinc breathe – draw air into (inhale), and expel out of (exhale), the lungs obese – very overweight; a medical condition in which excess body fat has built up to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health capillary – minute blood vessels connecting small arteries with small veins carbohydrate – essential component of living cells and a source of oxygen – colourless gas required for aerobic respiration, O 2 energy; includes sugars and starch makes the arteries narrower so less blood can flow through carbon dioxide – colourless gas formed during respiration, CO 2 diaphragm – thin, dome-shaped muscle helps you breathe and separates the lungs from your stomach and intestines diffusion – the spreading out of particles through random motion from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration enzyme – special proteins that can break plaque – a mixture of fat, cholesterol and blood cells that stick to the walls of blood vessels; large molecules into small molecules protein – large group of compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk rectum – final straight portion of large intestine, ending with the anus respiration – chemical reactions that occur in the cells of living organisms; takes glucose and oxygen to release energy small intestine – part of the digestive tract between the stomach and large intestine; fat – a kind of body tissue used to provide energy and to store energy in the body and insulate it against the cold gas exchange – the transfer of gases contained in an organism; in a human, gases contained in the blood exchange with gases contained in the air glucose – a type of carbohydrate, obtained through digestion of the food we eat; human body's key source of energy; important for respiration gullet – the tube between the mouth and the stomach that food passes along haemoglobin – oxygen-transport protein in the red blood cells of most vertebrates; contains iron heart – a muscular organ that pumps blood to your body where much of the digestion and absorption of food takes place stomach – a muscular, hollow organ that is part of the digestive system; between the gullet and small intestine; secretes enzymes and acid to aid food digestion valves – allows blood flow in only one direction vein – a blood vessel that carries blood towards the heart villi – microscopic, finger-like projections in the lining of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the body vitamin – compound required as a vital nutrient in tiny amounts by an organism