Respiration Forced Vital Capacity Test Conducting Zone Alveoli

Respiration Forced Vital Capacity Test Conducting Zone Alveoli Marieb 22

Restrictive Disorders Reduction in lung capacities VLC, TLC, etc. Decrease in compliance “stretchiness”

Structural Changes and Compliance Fibrosis Costal ossification Weakness of inspirational muscles

Obstructive Disorders Lung volume unchanged but air flow is restricted Minute ventilation

Respiratory Tree: Conducting Zone Lobar (secondary) Segmental (tertiary) … Terminal Bronchioles

Respiratory Zone Respiratory bronchioles Alveolar Sacs Alveoli Pulmonary Capillaries

Alveoli Type I Cells Type II Cells Alveolar pores Alveolar macrophages

Respiratory Membrane Type I Cells Basement Membrane Pulmonary Capillary

Surface Tension in Alveoli

Surfactant Reduces Surface Tension Type II Cells Lipids IRDS

“Air” is mostly N 2 and O 2

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure Partial pressures of gases add up The partial pressure of a gas is proportional to the percentage of that gas in the mixture

Gases in Air and Partial Pressure

External Respiration Interface of gas and liquid

Gas Exchange: Quiet Inspiration / Expiration

Gas Exchange: Deep Inspiration / Expiration

Gas Exchange: Hyperventilation

Gas Exchange: Hyperventilation the Cure

Blood Oxygenates Quickly

Ventilation-Perfusion Matching Bronchiole Dilation and Constriction

Myogenic Controls of Pulmonary Arteries/Capillaries p. O 2 levels in capillaries Think opposite!