Respecting Water Innovative Water Conservation and Management on

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~ Respecting Water ~ Innovative Water Conservation and Management on the San Francisco State

~ Respecting Water ~ Innovative Water Conservation and Management on the San Francisco State University Campus August 2, 2008 UC/CSU/CCC Sustainability Conference Cal Poly San Luis Obispo Presented by: Phil Evans Director, Campus Grounds pevans@sfsu. edu

Guiding Principles ASSESS where, why, and how water is being used CONSERVE water in

Guiding Principles ASSESS where, why, and how water is being used CONSERVE water in campus landscape uses REINTEGRATE campus water into natural water cycle RECLAIM rainwater for campus landscape uses APPRECIATE water through education and interpretation Respecting Water

Orientation- Neighborhood Respecting Water ASSESS

Orientation- Neighborhood Respecting Water ASSESS

Identifying Water Sources and Distribution on Campus Respecting Water ASSESS

Identifying Water Sources and Distribution on Campus Respecting Water ASSESS

Mapping the Existing Campus Infrastructure storm drain inlets, drainage networks, and catchment areas Respecting

Mapping the Existing Campus Infrastructure storm drain inlets, drainage networks, and catchment areas Respecting Water ASSESS

Mapping Campus Impermeability Total for Study Area: Respecting Water 71% Impermeable (Roofs and Paving)

Mapping Campus Impermeability Total for Study Area: Respecting Water 71% Impermeable (Roofs and Paving) 29% Permeable (Landscaping) ASSESS

Auditing Current Irrigation Use Respecting Water ASSESS

Auditing Current Irrigation Use Respecting Water ASSESS

Planning for City-Supplied Recycled Water Respecting Water ASSESS

Planning for City-Supplied Recycled Water Respecting Water ASSESS

Transforming Lawns to Water Conserving Gardens Typical Underutilized Lawn Respecting Water Proposed Improvements CONSERVE

Transforming Lawns to Water Conserving Gardens Typical Underutilized Lawn Respecting Water Proposed Improvements CONSERVE

Auditing Current Irrigation Systems for LEED Compliance Example- Irrigation System for the Humanities Building

Auditing Current Irrigation Systems for LEED Compliance Example- Irrigation System for the Humanities Building Program 1: Spray Heads for Shrubs and Turf (31, 130 square feet) Annual Water Use: 310, 275 gallons (414 CCF, 0. 95 acre-feet/yr) both methods distribute about 10 gal. /s. f. Program 2: Drip Irrigation for Shrubs (8, 572 square feet) Annual Water Use: 87, 771 gallons (117 CCF, 0. 27 acre-feet/yr) Total: 398, 045 gallons annually! Respecting Water Finding. Gallons-per-area for drip system were as high as spray head areas… Drip irrigation systems need to be carefully designed for the appropriate landscapes. Using a drip system for sandy soils or closely spaced landscape planting may not be the best solution CONSERVE

Designing Infiltration Areas Respecting Water REINTEGRATE

Designing Infiltration Areas Respecting Water REINTEGRATE

Designing Infiltration Areas Respecting Water REINTEGRATE

Designing Infiltration Areas Respecting Water REINTEGRATE

Stormwater Management Planning for LEED Certification Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Quantify runoff

Stormwater Management Planning for LEED Certification Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Quantify runoff based on permeability and rainfall data Delineate catchment basins Analyze drainage patterns and designate infiltration areas Respecting Water REINTEGRATE

Stormwater Management Planning for LEED Certification Designating Landscape Zones Urban Forest Habitat Courtyard Rain

Stormwater Management Planning for LEED Certification Designating Landscape Zones Urban Forest Habitat Courtyard Rain Garden Respecting Water REINTEGRATE

Guiding Stormwater into Infiltration Ponds 3 1 bioremediation and recharge 2 Respecting Water roof

Guiding Stormwater into Infiltration Ponds 3 1 bioremediation and recharge 2 Respecting Water roof runoff diversion stormwater detention REINTEGRATE

Alternative Solutions- Rainwater Storage or Infiltration? $13, 300 for water collection Respecting Water REINTEGRATE

Alternative Solutions- Rainwater Storage or Infiltration? $13, 300 for water collection Respecting Water REINTEGRATE

Alternative Solutions- Rainwater Storage or Infiltration? Calculating the volume needed to capture stormwater runoff

Alternative Solutions- Rainwater Storage or Infiltration? Calculating the volume needed to capture stormwater runoff onsite for infiltration: 1. Measure entire drainage area (10, 258 s. f. ) and areas of each type of surface as a percentage of the entire area 43% planting beds 20% gravel paths 37% roof From the California Stormwater BMP Handbook for New Development, Section 5. 5, 2003 edition. www. cabmphandbooks. com Respecting Water REINTEGRATE

Alternative Solutions- Rainwater Storage or Infiltration? Calculating the volume needed to capture stormwater runoff

Alternative Solutions- Rainwater Storage or Infiltration? Calculating the volume needed to capture stormwater runoff onsite for infiltration: 2. Assign runoff coefficients to each type of surface, and calculate the composite runoff coefficient: 1. (coefficient A x % of coverage/100) + 2. (coefficient B x % of drainage area/100) + 3. (coefficient C x % of coverage/100) 4. = composite runoff coefficient 0. 25 x 0. 43 + 1. Standard Runoff Coefficients 2. Gravel paths 0. 50 x 0. 20 + 0. 95 x 0. 37 + 0. 5 3. Concrete Paths 0. 95 1. = 0. 56 4. Planting beds 0. 25 5. Roofs 0. 95 From the California Stormwater BMP Handbook for New Development, Section 5. 5, 2003 edition. www. cabmphandbooks. com Respecting Water REINTEGRATE

Alternative Solutions- Rainwater Storage or Infiltration? Calculating the volume needed to capture stormwater runoff

Alternative Solutions- Rainwater Storage or Infiltration? Calculating the volume needed to capture stormwater runoff onsite for infiltration: 3. Referring to local rainfall data, determine a unit basin storage volume (assuming a 48 hour drawdown and a goal to capture 85% of stormwater) (0. 4”, or 0. 033’) 85% Curve for composite runoff coefficient of 0. 56 From the California Stormwater BMP Handbook for New Development, Section 5. 5, 2003 edition. www. cabmphandbooks. com Respecting Water REINTEGRATE

Alternative Solutions- Rainwater Storage or Infiltration? Calculating the volume needed to capture stormwater runoff

Alternative Solutions- Rainwater Storage or Infiltration? Calculating the volume needed to capture stormwater runoff onsite for infiltration: 4. Calculate required capture volume of the infiltration area: drainage area x unit basin storage volume = capture volume (10, 258 s. f. x 0. 033’ = 339 c. f. ) Decorative Cobble Filter Fabric Sorted Drain Rock Sand Soil From the California Stormwater BMP Handbook for New Development, Section 5. 5, 2003 edition. www. cabmphandbooks. com Respecting Water REINTEGRATE

Alternative Solutions- Rainwater Storage or Infiltration? Calculating the volume needed to capture stormwater runoff

Alternative Solutions- Rainwater Storage or Infiltration? Calculating the volume needed to capture stormwater runoff onsite for infiltration: 5. Determine the size of desired infiltration trench with consideration of porosity of fill material: required capture volume / percent porosity of fill material 1. (339 c. f. /0. 25 = 1356 c. f. , 2. or approximately a 70’ long x 5. 5’ wide x 3. 5’ deep trench) Higher porosity in well-sorted particles Lower porosity in unsorted mixes because voids are filled with small particles From http: //www. co. portage. wi. us/groundwater/undrstnd/soil. htm From the California Stormwater BMP Handbook for New Development, Section 5. 5, 2003 edition. www. cabmphandbooks. com Respecting Water REINTEGRATE

Alternative Solutions- Rainwater Storage or Infiltration? Porosity Ranges for Sediments Material Porosity (%) sand

Alternative Solutions- Rainwater Storage or Infiltration? Porosity Ranges for Sediments Material Porosity (%) sand or gravel, well-sorted 25 -50 sand gravel, mixed Specific Yield for Sediments Material Average Specific Yield (%) 20 -35 coarse gravel 22 silt 35 -50 fine gravel 25 clay 33 -60 coarse sand 27 fine sand 21 silt 18 clay 2 (Based on Meinzer (1923 a); Davis (1969); Cohen (1965); and Mac. Cary and Lambert (1962) as quoted by C. W. Fetter 2) (Johnson (1967) as quoted by C. W. Fetter 2) From http: //www. co. portage. wi. us/groundwater/undrstnd/soil. htm Respecting Water REINTEGRATE

Alternative Solutions- Rainwater Storage or Infiltration? $3, 500 for infiltration Respecting Water REINTEGRATE

Alternative Solutions- Rainwater Storage or Infiltration? $3, 500 for infiltration Respecting Water REINTEGRATE

Storing Rainwater for Irrigation Use- HARVEST, STORE, USE Respecting Water RECLAIM

Storing Rainwater for Irrigation Use- HARVEST, STORE, USE Respecting Water RECLAIM

Storing Rainwater for Irrigation Use- HARVEST, STORE, USE STORE HARVEST USE Respecting Water RECLAIM

Storing Rainwater for Irrigation Use- HARVEST, STORE, USE STORE HARVEST USE Respecting Water RECLAIM

Modeling for Rainwater Catchment Feasibility $250, 000! $2 Million! Respecting Water RECLAIM

Modeling for Rainwater Catchment Feasibility $250, 000! $2 Million! Respecting Water RECLAIM

Investigating Rainwater Catchment Logistics Alternative Storage and Pumping Options Solar water pump- direct drive

Investigating Rainwater Catchment Logistics Alternative Storage and Pumping Options Solar water pump- direct drive Corrugated galvanized steel tank Household-scale wind turbine Retention pond Respecting Water Solar water pump- battery system Underground cistern tank Pillow bladder tank RECLAIM

Designing Holistically gardens that store runoff, recharge groundwater, conserve water, and provide habitat Respecting

Designing Holistically gardens that store runoff, recharge groundwater, conserve water, and provide habitat Respecting Water APPRECIATE

Designing Gardens with Low Water Use and High Habitat Value for birds, butterflies, plants,

Designing Gardens with Low Water Use and High Habitat Value for birds, butterflies, plants, and people! Respecting Water APPRECIATE

Creating a Campus Water Path …art installations that raise water awareness… …recreated creek channels

Creating a Campus Water Path …art installations that raise water awareness… …recreated creek channels through campus… …biofilters that clean water for Lake Merced recharge… …gateway features that use harvested rainwater… …infiltration areas… Respecting Water APPRECIATE

Planning for Rainwater-Fed Water Feature Awnings (12): 678 SF Northeast Roof Top: 1075 SF

Planning for Rainwater-Fed Water Feature Awnings (12): 678 SF Northeast Roof Top: 1075 SF Annual Runoff: 23, 966 gallons Respecting Water APPRECIATE

Student Contributors: Vinita Huang – UC Berkeley Daniel Hui – UC Davis Elizabeth Reiff

Student Contributors: Vinita Huang – UC Berkeley Daniel Hui – UC Davis Elizabeth Reiff - SFSU Melissa Woo- Cal. Poly SLO Xiaojun Xu- UC Davis Theresa Zaro- UC Berkeley Respecting Water Thank You!