Residential and Prototype Modeling for the e TRM

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Residential and Prototype Modeling for the e. TRM Larry Brackney February 23, 2017 NREL

Residential and Prototype Modeling for the e. TRM Larry Brackney February 23, 2017 NREL is a national laboratory of the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.

Bifurcated Title 24 Compliance Modeling CBECC-Res California Simulation Engine (CSE) CBECC-Com Why? ? e.

Bifurcated Title 24 Compliance Modeling CBECC-Res California Simulation Engine (CSE) CBECC-Com Why? ? e. TRM

Some of CEC’s Concerns Regarding Energy. Plus • Existing E+ deficiencies impacted residential applications

Some of CEC’s Concerns Regarding Energy. Plus • Existing E+ deficiencies impacted residential applications o o Foundation heat transfer Infiltration, duct leakage, etc. Attics Others • Historically, little E+ commitment for residential applications • Processing overhead (Simulation runtime) • Switching from CSE would be unnecessarily disruptive

Recent Enhancements to Energy. Plus • New foundation heat transfer model o o Based

Recent Enhancements to Energy. Plus • New foundation heat transfer model o o Based on KIVATM model Validated against IEA Building Energy Simulation Test Computational time reduced 95% relative to traditional implicit solutions Can handle full range of residential foundations and insulation configurations • Airflow Network enhancements o o NREL + others performed detailed assessment (infiltration, ducts, interzonal mixing) New features coming in March 2017 release o Features coming in September 2017 release – Using E+ curves for wind pressure coefficients – Refactor to use optimized numerical solver – – – Allow Multiple Air Primary Loops in the Airflow Network Model Zone Induced Air by a Constant Volume Fan Multiple Leakage Components Per Surface Wind Pressure Coefficients Auto-Calculate Return air path • Kruis, N. 2015. Development and Application of a Numerical Framework for Improving Building Foundation Heat Transfer Calculations. Ph. D. Dissertation. Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering. University of Colorado at Boulder. • Kruis, N. 2014. Kiva: A Numerical Framework for Improving Foundation Heat Transfer Calculations. Journal of Building Performance Simulation. doi: 10. 1080/19401493. 2014. 988753.

Recent Enhancements to Energy. Plus • Airflow Network enhancements NREL and others performed detailed

Recent Enhancements to Energy. Plus • Airflow Network enhancements NREL and others performed detailed model assessment (infiltration, ducts, interzonal air mixing, usability) o New features coming in March 2017 release o – Using E+ curves for wind pressure coefficients – Refactor to use optimized numerical solver o Features coming in September 2017 release – – – Allow Multiple Air Primary Loops in the Airflow Network Model Zone Induced Air by a Constant Volume Fan Multiple Leakage Components Per Surface Wind Pressure Coefficients Auto-Calculate Return air path

Recent Enhancements to Energy. Plus • New attic model Based on validated Fraunhofer model

Recent Enhancements to Energy. Plus • New attic model Based on validated Fraunhofer model o Integrated with Airflow Network o – Infiltration – Duct leakage o Radiant exchange – including ducts • Multiple HVAC systems serving single thermal zone o E. g. , Baseboard and Mini-Split HP in same house • Partially conditioned thermal zones o Window AC that cools only a portion of the house Development and verification of the Fraunhofer attic thermal model Anthony D. Fontanini, Jan Kosny, Nitin Shukla, Ali Fallahi & Baskar Ganapathysubramanian Journal Of Building Performance Simulation Vol. 10 , Iss. 1, 2017

Recent Enhancements to Energy. Plus • Enhanced VRF (Mini-Split HP) model o o Improved

Recent Enhancements to Energy. Plus • Enhanced VRF (Mini-Split HP) model o o Improved fundamental basis for model Dynamics of operational parameters Component-level curves rather than system-level curves (fewer model inputs) ASHRAE collaboration with VRF manufacturers • Heat Pump Water Heater o o o Wrapped/coiled condenser configuration predominant in residential HPWH units Connected to stratified tank model Ducting configurations Localized temperature depression HVAC interaction factor Lab validated models • Variable-speed HVAC equipment o o Lab validated model High-efficiency equipment Speed

Recent Enhancements to Energy. Plus • Enhanced moisture buffering model o o o Improved

Recent Enhancements to Energy. Plus • Enhanced moisture buffering model o o o Improved absorption/desorption modeling Increased accuracy in predicting humidity excursions Capability needed for low-load homes Field Validation

Recent Enhancements to Open. Studio • Common approach to residential and commercial modeling •

Recent Enhancements to Open. Studio • Common approach to residential and commercial modeling • Open. Studio measures – common currency for constructing and modifying models

Residential Adoption for Energy. Plus/Open. Studio • NRCan/NRC shifting both res/comm compliance to E+/OS

Residential Adoption for Energy. Plus/Open. Studio • NRCan/NRC shifting both res/comm compliance to E+/OS o o o Independent assessment of engine and software platform Contributing improvements to Energy. Plus for residential Contributing improvements to Open. Studio – Standards modeling library – e. Quest geometry import • Residential Application Use Case: BPA Partnership o o o Committed to E+/OS for the long-term Funding E+ model enhancements & validation for technologies of interest Funding Open. Studio-based analysis for regional power plan o o Co-funding with DOE for simplified Open. Studio Geometry Tool Single platform to target single-family, multifamily, and commercial – Prioritized technology R&D and incentives – Regional efficiency/demand savings potential – Demand response, load shapes

Approach for BPA Residential Analysis 1. Housing Stock Characteristics – Input Database 2. Statistical

Approach for BPA Residential Analysis 1. Housing Stock Characteristics – Input Database 2. Statistical Sampling – Auto-Generated Models 3. Building Simulations Open. Studio/Energy. Plus – High Performance Computing 4. Validation/Calibration – Comparison to RECS consumption data 5. Output Visualization – Data-driven analytics

Preliminary Results – Economic Potential (NPV > 0) Air Sealing Attic Insulation (R-49) Replacing

Preliminary Results – Economic Potential (NPV > 0) Air Sealing Attic Insulation (R-49) Replacing Oil Boilers with Ductless Heat Pumps Basement Wall Insulation (R-10)

Preliminary Results – Economic Potential (NPV > 0) Supply Curves Height = average cost-effectiveness

Preliminary Results – Economic Potential (NPV > 0) Supply Curves Height = average cost-effectiveness (more negative is more cost-effective) Width = total potential savings that is cost-effective

Top 10 Upgrades for Virginia Statewide energy savings [TBtu/yr] 0 Upgrade applies Upgrade cost-effective

Top 10 Upgrades for Virginia Statewide energy savings [TBtu/yr] 0 Upgrade applies Upgrade cost-effective 20 40 Upgrade Electric Furnace to High. Eff. Heat Pump at wear out 25% 29 19 LED Lighting 15 Smart thermostat Ductless Heat Pump (displaces electric baseboard today) 13 Foundation Wall Ins. (Bsmt, Crawl) 12 Duct sealing 12 Air sealing 9 Attic Ins. (R-49) 8 Upgrade Electric WH to HPWH (80 gal) 0% 36 Drill-and-Fill Wall Cavities Average Per-House Energy Savings [MBtu/yr] Number of Homes 7 All values are primary/source energy (i. e. , raw fuel burned to create heat and electricity). 50% 75% 100% 0 50 100 150

Residential Summation • TPP 3 is still valid E+/OS is a solid platform for

Residential Summation • TPP 3 is still valid E+/OS is a solid platform for the e. TRM o Commercial buildings are initial focus o • Residential alternatives o Add residential prototypes via E+/OS to e. TRM later – Accept bifurcated solution for e. TRM and compliance – Develop E+/OS transition plan with CEC o Develop OS/CSE translator – OS already targets multiple engines (Radiance, ESP-r) – CSE would need to be ported to Linux and added to OS Server – DOE has requested budget estimate for this work as a contingency

Single Platform – Many Models Prototype Models CBECCS, CEUS, Co. Star Model Populations Type

Single Platform – Many Models Prototype Models CBECCS, CEUS, Co. Star Model Populations Type Vintage GIS ft 2 # Floors Open Source Zero Touch Audit Owner/ Facility Mgr DOE Asset Score Auditor simuwatt™ Modeler Hand Built Model • Platform makes it easy to create models with: o Consistent methodology o Varying detail o User sophistication in mind • Pick the right level of detail for the job Increased Fidelity More Inputs Type Vintage Climate o Technology screening o Customer targeting o Custom incentives

Prototype/Archetype Models Type Vintage Climate Prototype Models Model Populations Open Source Zero Touch Audit

Prototype/Archetype Models Type Vintage Climate Prototype Models Model Populations Open Source Zero Touch Audit DOE Asset Score simuwatt™ Hand Built Model • Open. Studio “Standards Gem” o Contains ASHRAE 90. 1 data definitions o Library of standardized modeling assumptions o Easily extended to encompass Title 24 • Enables Model Automation o Used to infer unspecified data o Code compliant baseline generation o Prototypes are “built” as needed

Inputs for the Standards Gem • Spreadsheet contains data definitions for o o o

Inputs for the Standards Gem • Spreadsheet contains data definitions for o o o Building types Vintages Climate zones

Inputs + Prototype Measure = Detailed Model Prototype Measure • Approach is transparent and

Inputs + Prototype Measure = Detailed Model Prototype Measure • Approach is transparent and extensible • Requisite input data for gem appears to be available on http: //deeresources. com • Inquiry on usage rights in process • Some DOE funding available to begin work once rights are clear

Prototype Summation • Near-term e. TRM work e. TRM development/testing does not require CA

Prototype Summation • Near-term e. TRM work e. TRM development/testing does not require CA prototypes o Analysis controller development could begin at any time o Integration testing with the e. TRM can use 90. 1 prototypes o Switching to CA prototypes later is simple o • CA Prototypes o DEER data integration – Can begin as soon as CPUC answers legal questions – DOE funding available to start work o Will need Cal. TF assistance to vet process and outcomes