Reservoir volumes of water Ice volume equivalent water

Reservoir volumes of water

Ice volume & equivalent water depth

The geoid – mean “sea level” Map prior to satellite records

Modern geoid (SL) – areas of high variability

SL variability greatest near major currents Gulf Stream and Loop Current

Oceanographic Satellites 1978 SEASAT sea-surface temperature and chlorophyll (productivity) 1992 TOPEX & JASON

Geometry of satellite altimetry Defining the geoid

TOPEX

TOPEX Dynamic Topography

TOPEX

TOPEX Wave Height

Mean dynamic topography, Atlantic

Gulf Stream rings

Dynamic topography Satellite tracks across the Gulf Stream

Ice and isostasy The basic idea has been around for a while

RSL over last 5 ka variable response globally

Submerging coasts > 2 mm / yr

Local effects shoreline configuration Greater hydro-isostatic depression for promontory

Local effects on apparent sea level Increased tidal range within an embayment

Choose your RSL curve North America Away from the big ice

North America northern areas

Modeling the forebulge Local to regional effect

Retreat of the forebulge

RSL Atlantic Coast of Canada

RSL Europe

RSL East Asia

Global pattern of RSL >50 yrs Tide-gauge records

Isostatic rebound

Regional RSL curves Great Britain

Global tectonic effects on RSL 1 Ma to 100 Ma

Timing of late Quaternary highstands A. Chappell & Shackleton 1986 C. Bloom & Yonekura 1990 B. Shackleton 1987

Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea Shoreline terraces preserved by uplift

Earthquakes on the Huon Peninsula

Huon Peninsula text

Cutting coastal terraces Several options for the same terrace setting

Stage 5 e on the Huon Peninsula The “prominent terrace”

Late Quaternary highstand reference points Barbados Huon Peninsula

Huon Peninsula record compared with the marine isotope record Chronology – close enough?

The Fairbanks curve U-series on corals from Barbados