Research to Support the Multi Store Model Starter
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Research to Support the Multi. Store Model Starter: Complete the diagram to outline the MSM Can I describe studies related to the Multi- Store Model?
Evaluating research Laboratory studies/experiments Case studies • Strengths • Weaknesses
Sperling (1960) 7 1 V F High tone X L 5 3 Medium tone B 4 W 7 Low tone • Showed participants a grid of digits and letters for 50 milliseconds • They were asked to write down all 12 digits OR • They were asked to write down a single row directly after hearing a tone # Recall much poorer with whole set of rows (5 items/ 42%) # Recall much better with one row only (3 items/75%) = Information decays rapidly in the sensory store
Glanzer and Cunitz (1966) • Showed participants a list of 20 words # primacy effect – participants could remember the first words # recency effect – participants could remember the last words = participants rehearse words at the start of the list = words at the end of the list is still in STM
Areas of the brain associated with STM and LTM • PET scan • f. MRI Short- term memory, Beardsley (1997) Pre-frontal lobe hippocampus Long-term memory, Squire et al( 1992)
Case Studies • http: //www. learner. org/vod_window. ht ml? pid=1617
Case Studies HM (Scoville and Milner, 1957) Suffered from severe epilepsy Removed part of hippocampus from both sides # Personality and intellect remained intact # Could form no new long-term memories # Could not remember list of words, names or faces # Mourned every time he heard his mother was dead # Could remember some things from before the surgery, but not from 10 years before surgery = Hippocampus gateway for STM to LTM = Could estimate time for max of 20 seconds THUS support Peterson and Peterson STM research on duration • • Clive Wearing (Baddeley, 1990) • Viral infection • Damaged part of hippocampus # Remembers part of earlier life # No STM # Procedural memory in tact – can play the piano and conduct a choir # Episodic memory lost – no recollection of musical training = Different types of long – term memory
Case Studies Phineas Cage, 1848 Survived railway accident which damaged his frontal lobe Could function normally Personality changed = instrumental in reassuring doctors that they could safely remove parts of the brain