Research Problem Prepared by Prof Devina E Rodrigues

Research Problem Prepared by: Prof. Devina E Rodrigues Dept. Community Health Nursing Yenepoya Nursing College

Definition – research problem • Is a statement that links what relationship exists between two variables

problem statement also state… • Relevance of the study • Title of the study • Operational definitions • Objectives • Delimitations • Scope • Limitation of the study

Sources of research problem • Meaning: means to identify the research problem…

sources • • • 1. PERSONAL EXPERIENCE 2. PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE 3. CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF LITERATURE 4. PREVIOUS RESEARCH 5. EXISTING THEORIES 6. SOCIAL ISSUES 7. BRAINSTORMING 8. INTUITION 9. FOLKLORES: ( COMMON BELIEVES) 10. EXPOSURE TO FIELD SITUATION 11. CONSULTATION WITH EXPERTS

Criteria for selecting a good research problem • Significance to nursing profession: it has to serve any purpose of uplifting the nsg profession • It must have a benefit for patient, nursing, society, health care fraternity • Improve nsg practices • Based on current need of nsg profession

2. originality • It should be unique • It should be on the area which is exposed v little • Possible to extend the growth and knowledge

3. Feasible • It should be feasible in terms of time, availability of subjects, testing, equipment, money, ethical point of view • Administrative support • Peer support • Researcher competence

4. Researchable/ solvable. • That means enhance relevant results • E. g. existence of god in this universe: …. . Not able to solve this aspect

5. Current problem • Based on current problem/issues

6. interesting • It should be as per the researcher field of interest

Process of formulation of research problem • 1. selection of research area: begin with selection of broad topic of your interest • e, . g. occupational hazards • Check is it significance for nsg profession

2. Review literatures • Review nsg literatures and theories • This helps you to know what has been already covered and its extent

3. Delimit the research topic • From general topic move towards the specific topic • Prevalence of occupational hazards among beedi workers

4. Evaluate the research problem • • • Evaluate the following aspects: Researchability Time Availabilty of subjects Peer support Management support Competency Cost Ethical consideration

5. Formulate the final statement • Declaration format • A descriptive study on prevalence of health problems among beedi workers of selected beedi industries of mangalore.

• Interrogative format • Here it is stated in question form • What is the effect of ginger on mng sickness on pregnant mother in selected urban areas of Mangalore

Features of good problem statement • Clearly stated: design, setting, population, variable, • variables are Expressed measurable terms

variables • Definition: are qualitative properties or charecteristics, things, , situations

Types - variables • • Independent Dependent Research variables Demographic Extraneous Bivariate Multi variate • univariate

explanation • Extraneous variables: they are not the part of study variables • These are the variables need to be controlled by the researcher in experimental studies. • To control that the researcher must write carefully the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

univariate • • When a researcher study a single variable. It is a research variable E. g. … Assess the Knowledge of home makers regarding management of plastic waste at home

Bivariate • Two research variables under study • It can be seen in correlation, descriptive and experimental studies. • E. g. Correlation study on smoking and lung cancers among families in urban slums

Multivariate • a study on Factors contributing non compliance of treatment among tuberculosis patients in selected rural community.

Research variables • Which are stuides in natural set up without any manipulation • E. g. seen in descriptive, explorative and quantitative stuides.

Demographic variables • Part of personal Performa • Age, edu, sex…… • This exhibits the characteristic of the subjects.

Independent variables • It is a stimulus, treatment in experimental studies • It has its effect/impact on dependent variable

Dependent variables • It is a variable found in the experimental study, the outcome of this variable is as per the independent variable. • E. g. knowledge as a dependent variable is manipulated by the teaching program as an intervention

Writing research objectives • Meaning: is a clear, concise declarative statement. • Objectives are directed towards finding out the relationship between two variables

Characteristic- research variables • • • SMART: SPECIFIC MEASURABLE ATTAINABLE REALISTIC TIME BOUNDED

NEED- OBJECTIVES • Focus: helps in narrowing down the objectives • Avoid: unwanted collection of data • Organize: helps to organise the study results under various sections

• • • Direction: it helps to develop Methodology Data collection Data analysis Interpretation Communication of resullts

Method of stating objective • • • Presented briefly Concise Logical sequence Realistic Use verbs…. determine…evaluate. . identify

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