Research Centre for Life Cycle Assessment National Institute

Research Centre for Life Cycle Assessment National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology Lifecycle Environmental Evaluation of Exploitation & CO 2 Sequestration of Coal by SAGISAKA M. Life Cycle Assessment Research Centre, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), JAPAN 1

Research Centre for Life Cycle Assessment National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology Electric Power Bauxite Generation Aluminum Iron Ore Coal Oil What is LCA ? Import Electric Power Generation Recycling Iron Works Solid Wastes Oil Refinery Car Factory Plastic Materials 2

Research Centre for Life Cycle Assessment National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology Source: Key World Energy Statistics 2005 3

Research Centre for Life Cycle Assessment National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology Scope of the Investigation　 COAL Exploration | Extraction | Transportation 　　　　　　　 ● • Energy ･･ • Materials ･) Plastics, ･････ • Equipment : Electricity, Coal, Oils, CH 4 , ･ 　: Steel (supports, tracks, pipes, ･･ 　Cement, Timber, : Machines for Mining, Driving, 　Transportation, Separation, ･････ 4

Research Centre for Life Cycle Assessment National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology 82 kg-CO 2/t-coal in 1999 (3. 4 g-CO 2/MJ-coal) 5

Research Centre for Life Cycle Assessment National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology Consumed energies for COAL production in Japan FY 1999 Item Consumed Per ton of shipped quantity clean coal produced Commercial elec. Kerosene Light oil Heavy oil Coal Powder coal Methane 252 GWh 42. 0 k. Wh/t 29 kl 0. 00483 l/t 10363 kl 1. 73 l/t 1160 kl 0. 193 l/t 160 68. 2 5. 4 kt 26. 6 kg/t kt 11. 4 kg/t Mm 3 0. 899 m 3/t Explosives 476 t 79. 3 g/t Domesticelec. * 273 GWh 45. 5 k. Wh/t *Used energies(coal, powder coal and heavy oil) for domestic energy production are included in each item. 6

Research Centre for Life Cycle Assessment National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology Consumed materials for coal production in Japan Item Steel Consumed quantity FY 1999 Per ton of shipped clean coal produced 3. 8628 kg/t 23. 2 kt Timber 33900 m 3 Cement 11688. 9 t 2. 18 kg/t Sand 39570. 8 t 7. 38 kg/t Fly ash 16782. 7 t 3. 13 kg/t 0. 00564 m 3/t Kerosene 75. 1 kl 0. 014 l/t Plastics (ABS) 16. 1 kg 0. 003 g/t 7

Research Centre for Life Cycle Assessment National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology Inventory Analysis (Example) 8

Research Centre for Life Cycle Assessment National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology Foreground Data Manufacturing Use Disposal Materials, Fuels, etc. Mining Electricity Fuels Back ground Data Transparency, Impartiality, Consistency, …. . International Data Sharing 9

Research Centre for Life Cycle Assessment National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology International LCA Network ex. Data Sharing 10

Research Centre for Life Cycle Assessment National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology ECBMR - Environmental & Economical Possibility C O 2+ A ir Elec. Generation CO 2 4 CH Separation Transportation CO 2 Sequestration & CH 4 Recovery Ai r CO 2 Transportation 11

Research Centre for Life Cycle Assessment National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology Siberia Sakhalin (Russia) China Chikuho C. F. Korea Pacific Ocean Power Plants ; Coal ; LNG Chikuho Coal Field CO 2 Supply & CBM (CH 4) Demand ; Oil Industrial Boilers 12

Research Centre for Life Cycle Assessment National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology ECBMR - Environmental & Economical Possibility interval • CBM Production Injection pattern METSIM 2（by Imperial College, UK） 5 spot • Field Production Well Chikuho Coal Field Injection Well • Area Extraction up to CO 2<10% 10 km(E-W)× 30 km(N-S) 13

Research Centre for Life Cycle Assessment National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology Interval=10 km 5 km 1 km 2 km CO 2 Sequestration & CBM production - Injection rate - Well interval 585ｔ-CO 2/h 2 km 14

Research Centre for Life Cycle Assessment National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology Lifecycle CO 2 Emission 　 　 CO 2 Emission (g-CO 2/MJ) Capital Separation 0. 012 Transportation 0. 0108 Drilling 1. 244 Recovery 0. 016 Sub total 1. 3 Separation 0. 557 Operation Transportation 3. 9 Drilling 0. 073 Recovery 0. 675 Sub total Total 5. 2 6. 5 Sequestration -99 Balance: -100 CBM Production ｇ-CO 2/MJ + 6. 5 CO 2 Sequestration - 99 LNG (avoided) - 7. 8ｇ-CO 2/MJ (imported LNG) 15

Research Centre for Life Cycle Assessment National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology Cost Analysis Capital （million JYN） 　Item Operation （million JYN） 　Item Separation 4, 759 Separation Transportation 13, 849 Transportation Drilling 11, 257 CBM Production Total 2, 374 32, 239 Total 11, 700 8, 670 292 20, 662 + Costs for Labour, Management, Tax Revenue: CBM Price = imported LNG (average ’ 91 -’ 00) excl. sequestrated CO 2 16

Research Centre for Life Cycle Assessment National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology Financial Analysis 17

Research Centre for Life Cycle Assessment National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology Mine LCA for Mining ex. coal Exploration Development Production Coal Transportation Combustion Waste Treatment Closure Eco-Efficiency of a Mine Service､Benefit Environmental Impact Profit or Total Sales LCIA 18

Research Centre for Life Cycle Assessment National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology Mine LCA for Mining Exploration Development Production Closure ex. coal 1. CBM Extraction from Virgin Coal Seam 2. Coal + CBM Extraction 3. ECBMR from Deep Seam and/or Abandoned Mine Eco-Efficiency of a Mine Benefit Environmental Impact Profit or Total Sales LCIA 19

Research Centre for Life Cycle Assessment National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology Triple Bottom Line for Sustainable Development Social Performance Mining Operations Safety Employment Social Development Culture Poverty, Peace Human Rights …. . International Cooperation Dust • Methodology Noise, Vibration Water Treatment ……. • Data Sharing Profit Tax Investment Economic Performance Global Environment ……… Environmental Performance 20

Research Centre for Life Cycle Assessment National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology Lifecycle Environmental Evaluation of Exploitation & CO 2 Sequestration of Coal by SAGISAKA M. Life Cycle Assessment Research Centre, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), JAPAN 21