Research and Citations Supporting material o Illustrates clarifies

Research and Citations

Supporting material o Illustrates, clarifies, & serves as evidence o Examples o Narratives o Testimony o Facts o Statistics

Supporting material o Use variety o Sources must be credible n Always evaluate each source o Cite EVERYTHING in the outline o Cite judiciously in the speech n All speeches MUST include citations or references for your supporting material o Use the checklists provided in the textbook

Locating supporting material o Always remember what your goal is o Use the library and the internet to look for sources n n n n n Books Newspapers Periodicals Government publications Reference works Scholarly reports/articles Organizations Interviews You should NOT be conducting your own surveys

Recording and citing o Keep track of reference information as you go (write it all down) o Know the difference between quotes and paraphrases. Keep track of which is which in the outline. o Cite using APA 6 th edition citation rules n Use APA manual for best results

An in-text citation includes: The last name(s) of the author(s) o Veksler and Eden o Do not include initials o The year of publication o (2009) o FOR QUOTATIONS YOU MUST ADD: o Quotation marks o The page number that the quote is located on n p. 345

In-text cites can come before or after the information: o According to Veksler and Eden (2009), people do not always respect their friends. o Researchers have found that people do not always have respect for their friends (Veksler & Eden, 2009). o According to Veksler and Eden (2009), “Respect is not a fundamental component of liking” (p. 35). o Researchers have found that “respect is not a fundamental component of liking” (Veksler & Eden, 2009, p. 35).

Rules to watch o The use of “and” versus “&” o Citing works with more than two authors o When to use quotation marks and page numbers

Cover page o Should have 1” margins all around (top, bottom, left, & right) o Should have a running head and page number in the top margin o Should have the title of the speech centered on the page in the top half of the page o Should have your name and affiliation below the title o See the Purdue writing center website for help: http: //owl. english. purdue. edu/owl/resource/560/01/ n Can type “Owl+APA” into google

Body of the outline o Should have 1” margins all around (top, bottom, left, & right) o Should have the header and page number in the top margin o Should cite all sources o Should differentiate between paraphrases and direct quotations o Contains all main points and the supporting material for those points

Reference page o Should have 1” margins all around (top, bottom, left, & right) o Starts on a new page o Has the word “References” centered at the top of the page o Uses a “hanging indent” to differentiate between sources o Is in alphabetic order by last name of the first author n Each type of source requires a slightly different citation. See the OWL page, the textbook, and for BEST RESULTS: USE THE APA MANUAL (6 th ed)