REQUERIMIENTO 4 EQUINOS REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOS Comparacin digestiva

REQUERIMIENTO 4: EQUINOS

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOS Comparación digestiva Human Ruminant Equine Stomach 30% 70% 9 -10% Sm. Intestine 33% 19% 30% Cecum 7% 3% 16% Lg. Intestine 30% 7% 45%

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOS Digestión Fermentable Fiber Large Intestine Fat Digestible Carbohydrate Stomach Small Intestine Fatty Acids Glucose Fat Glycogen Volatile Fatty Acids

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOS Categorías digestivas • Maintenance - basic requirements of life • Growth - youngest has highest requirements • Gestation - last three months • Lactation - first three months • Work - depends on activity – light, moderate, intense • Geriatric

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOS Dieta balanceada - Agua • Forage • Concentrate – Grain • Supplements • • • Essential for all body functions Temperature regulation Feed digestion Amount of water intake – Level of exercise – Ambient temperature – Quality of feeds in ration – Proportion of diet that is forage Minimum 1 gallon/100 lbs BW/day

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOS Mantenimiento • Size: body weight • Environment • Individual digestive & metabolic efficiency • Dry matter intake: 1. 5% of the BW • Most - energy requirements are met with forage alone

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOS Fuente de energía para el desempeño Muscle Glycogen Blood Glucose Creatine Phosphate Free-Fatty Acids Anaerobic Glycolysis Pyruvate ATP Myokinase and CPK Reactions Lipolysis Lactate Oxidative Metabolism Oxygen CO 2 and Water

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOS Niveles de desempeño • Light - western and English pleasure, trail riding, equitation, hacking • Moderate - dressage, ranch work, roping, cutting, barrel racing, jumping • Intense - race training, polo, cutting,

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOS Energía requerida Activity Examples DE (Mcal/d) Maintenance Pasture 16 Light work Pleasure riding 20 Moderate work Reining, jumping 24 Intense work Racing, endurance 32

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOS Tabla de recomendación

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOS Calculo de una ración • First figure roughage requirement (1 -2% of body weight) ex. 0. 0175 x 1100 lbs. = 19. 25 lbs. • Then figure D. E. , C. P. , Ca. and P provided by this amount of hay • Next figure how much concentrate to feed based on D. E. deficit remaining • Double check- does it make sense?

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOS Calculo de una ración

• http: //nrc 88. nas. edu/nrh/

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOS Calculo del peso corporal CABALLOS ADULTOS: P. V. (kg) = 4. 3*P. T. (cm) + 3*A. C. (cm) – 785 CABALLOS DE MENOS DE CUATRO AÑOS: P. V. (kg) = 4. 5*P. T. (cm) – 370 P. V. = peso vivo P. T. = perímetro torácico A. C. = alzada de la cruz Fuente = I. N. R. A. (Francia)

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOS Fuentes de Energía • Hydrolysable CHO – Sugars & starches – Create ↓ intestinal p. H & �risk of colic • Fermentable CHO – Beet pulp or soy hulls – ↓ glycogen usage • Fat – 3 X the energy concentration of CHO – Creates higher energy feed • Protein (minimal usage)

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOS Suplementacion de grasa l Why Use It For Performance Horses? l Energy from fat is 90% utilizable l Fat ↓ heat of fermentation l Fat �glycogen storage prior to race l Fat ↓ buildup of lactic acid during intense exercise l Fat ↓ fatigue l l Natural horse diets contain < 3 -4% fat l “High Fat” sweet feeds contain 6 -10% fat Fat Supplements l Vegetable Oil (most common 99% fat) l Rice Bran (very palatable 20% fat) l Animal tallow (not palatable)

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOS Suplementación de grasa • No gall bladder – Max ~20% in total diet – 1100 lb horse can digest 17. 5 oz of fat (Just over 2 cups) • If adding fat to existing diet, need to rebalance other nutrients – (i. e. vitamin E (200 IU/cup of added oil) • Add 6 -10 weeks before performance. • • • Hay requirement – Feed at least 50% of total ration as forage (pasture &/or hay) – Preferably high quality grass hay or alfalfa/grass mix Exercising horses do not need high levels of protein – More important – quality of protein Horses should be fed to meet their immediate needs – I. e. cut grain on rest days • If stalled, overfeeding can � stocking up or colic

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOS Crecimiento • Goals – Maximize genetic potential for growth – Sound musculos keletal system • Nutrient balance is important • Requires higher quality feeds • Growth rate & age determines requirements • Growing till reach 30 months

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOS Gestación: potro • Provision of nutrients for: – Fetal growth & development • Last 3 month of gestation: 60 % foals’ weight • Mare needs to gain 0. 3 – 0. 8 lb/d • Other products of conception

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOS Producción de leche

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOS Yegua: Consumo de alimento (como % del peso vivo) Mare status Forage Concentrate Total Early pregnancy 1. 5 -2. 0 0 -0. 5 1. 5 -2. 0 Late pregnancy 1. 0 -1. 5 0. 5 -1. 0 1. 5 -2. 0 Early lactation 1. 0 -2. 0 -3. 0 Late lactation 1. 0 -2. 0 0. 5 -1. 5 2. 0 -2. 5 • Adding concentrate to late pregnancy mares accounts for limited energy & acclimates microbes • Allow 1 wk to 10 d for mares to adjust to intake changes • Heavy milkers may require as much as 1. 75 -2. 0% of BW in concentrate feed/day

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOS Geriátricos Fiber digestion decreases Ability to manufacture or absorb certain vitamins decrease B vitamins Vitamin C Decreased kidney function Calcium stones may build up Decreased liver function Jaundice, weight loss, lethargy, loss of appetite, intolerance for fat and protein in diet