REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA Environmental assessment tools in Moldova

REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA Environmental assessment tools in Moldova Sergiu Robu, Academy of Sciences of Moldova Institute of Power Engineering TF HTAP Workshop: Focusing on Eastern Europe, Central Asia, and the Arctic. St. Petersburg, 1 -3 April 2009

REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA Area: 33, 700 sq km Land boundaries: 1, 389 km Romania 450 km Ukraine 939 km Area: 33 843 km 2 Language: Moldavian ( identical to the Romanian language) Type: Republic Capital: Chisinau Currency – Moldavian Leu

The Republic of Moldova. Main Economic Indicators, 2007 GDP (€ million) 2254, 83 GDP growth (%) 7, 1 GDP per capita (€) 556 Industrial output growth (%) Unemployment rate (%) 6, 3 7, 9 Consumer price 13, 1 (%) * 1 Euro = 15. 21 Moldavian Leu (dec. 2008)

Electrical Energy by Provenience

ENERGY SYSTEM OF MOLDOVA 2 7 3 6 1. PP Moldova – 2500 MW 1 4 2. HPP Dubasari – 48 MW 3. 3. HPP Costesti – 16 MW 5 4. 4. CHP 1 Chisinau - 54 MW 5. 5. CHP 2 Chisinau - 240 MW 6. 6. CHP Balti – 20 MW

Technical characteristics of the reference power plants CHP-1 Chisinau CHP-2 Chisinau CHPBalti Gross electricity capacity MW 54 240 20 Electricity sent out MW 45 200 20 Thermal efficiency % 70 67 70 Full load hours per year h/y 2556 4500 3000 Annual generation GWh/ y 115 900 60 Start of commercial operation 1951 1976 1952 Number of stacks 1 1 1 Stack height m 180 160 Stack specification

Structure of Energy Sector of the Republic of Moldova JSC “RED Nord-Vest” (Donduşeni) Right bank of Nistru River “Dnestrenergo” Company, is consist of: JSC “RED Nord” (Bălţi) RE Est (. Dubăsari) Hydro-Electrical Power Plant Dubăsari Right bank of Nistru River JSC “RED Centru” (Vatra) 1. State enterprise “Moldelectrica”, for energy transportation and dispatch 2. Distribution state companies for electrical-power with the 100%state capital 3. Distribution state companies for electrical-power with the foreign capital Spanish Company “Union Fenosa” SA JSC “RE Chişinău” (Chişinău) Thermo-Electrical Power Plant (TPP) Cuciurgani RE Sauth-Est (Tiraspol) JSC “RED Sud” ( Comrat)

Electrical Power Plants in the Republic of Moldova Planned in 2010

Ratio between electricity import and export, mil k. Wh Ukraine- Import Romania - Export Electricity production on the CHP-1, CHP Nord, Balti mln k. Wh CHP-1, Chisianu CHP- Nord, Balti 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Electricity production and consumption in the Republic of Moldova during the past 10 years

Software used in Moldova • • • ENPEP SIMPACTS MESSAGE MAED for Windows, WASP ECOSENCE LEAP MARKAL Others…

Total emissions of CO 2 eq. by source.

The radius of local domain of impact up to 50 km from source

Population of Moldova, 1 january 2005 (thsd. inhabitant) TOTAL Urban Rural area Total (right bank) 1308, 8 2077, 2 Municipality Chişinău 716, 7 647, 7 69, 0 or. Chişinău 592, 6 - or. Codru 3386, 0 14, 5 - or. Cricova 9, 8 - or. Durleşti 15, 6 - or. Sîngera 11, 6 7, 4 4, 2 or. Vadul lui Vodă 4, 5 - or. Vatra 3, 3 - in villages 64, 8 - 64, 8 Municipality Bălţi 127, 6 122, 7 4, 9 or. Bălţi 122, 7 -

Local Area Damage Cost

The chemical reaction which lead to the formation of aerosols during the long range transport of NO and SO 2 pollutants (source Extern. E, 1998). 800 m Emissio n 50 km 1000 km

1000 km The radius of regional domain of impact.

Regional Damage Cost US$2000/year

Problems and obstacles • • Need in a national seminar for all experts Capacity building Assistance in data processing Communication with experts from other countries and IIASA, IVL… • Emissions limits…

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