REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM SPECIALIZED CELLS A cell that takes

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

SPECIALIZED CELLS A cell that takes on a special job. Female= egg Male= sperm Each cell contains genetic material which allows an organism to grow. Sexual development- growth of reproductive organs and sexual characteristics

FEMALE REPRODUCTION 2 Functions: Produce egg cells Protect and nourish offspring until birth the Female is born with all her eggs, none are produced after birth. Ovaries- one on each side, contains egg cells. Every 28 days the pituitary gland release hormones to stimulate the growth of the egg

MENSTRUATION Ovary releases the egg, the egg moves into fallopian tube. If not fertilized by sperm, the egg and the lining of the uterus break down. Menstruation- Muscles in the uterus begin to contract. Blood and tissue leave the body through the vagina.

MALE REPRODUCTION Testes-produce & testosterone sperm Help with facial hair, deep voice Sperm- single cell with head and tail. Head filled with chromosomes. Semen- fluid sperm travel in, contain nutrients for sperm

REPRODUCTION OF OFFSPRING During sexual intercourse: Sperm exit male’s body through the urethra. Enter female body through the vagina Into the uterus and onto the fallopian tube Fertilization-sperm joins the egg (B 121) Fertilized egg moves down the fallopian tube to uterus. Cell divides into 2, then 4, etc. Ball of cells called an embryo. Implantation- embryo attaches to the living of the uterus.

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PREGNANCY 9 months- divided into 3 periods (1 st trimester, 2 nd trimester and 3 rd trimester) New organ made-placenta= has blood vessels that lead from the mom’s circulatory system to the embryo through the umbilical cord. Oxygen and nutrients move from mom to embryo through the placenta and umbilical cord. 5 th week- heart is beating, beginning of eyes, arms and legs are visible 8 week- now called a fetus, has all basic organs and systems 16 week- move in womb, hair, eyelashes and eyebrows are growing.

LABOR & DELIVERY 3 stages: labor, delivery and birth of placenta Labor- contractions of the uterus, can occur in intervals of 10 to 30 minutes and all the way up to 2 minutes apart. Delivery- cervix dilates until it becomes wide enough to push the fetus out the vagina. Birth of placenta- umbilical cord is cut, placenta then separates from the uterine wall and mother pushes it out.

MULTIPLE BIRTHS Identical- single egg divides in half. Same sex, look alike, same blood type. Fraternal- when two eggs are released at the same time and fertilized by two different sperm.

QUESTIONS

There is a male period, but of course it's nothing like that of the female menstrual cycle in the sense that they don't have the physical attributes of a female period, but males experience hormonal shifts and imbalances during the month.

A rise of testosterone which can lead to moodiness, increased sexual arousal, depression, etc. This is called the Irritable Male Syndrome (IMS). IMS is more similar to Menopause, but still proof that men have cycles.

According to psychotherapist Jed Diamond in an article on Medinice. Net. com IMS can be defined as: a state of hypersensitivity, frustration, anxiety, and anger that occurs in males and is associated with biochemical changes, hormonal fluctuations, stress, and loss of male identity.

Diamond furthers that men are as hormonal as women: . . . In fact, men have a number of hormonal cycles: 1) Men's testosterone, for instance, varies and goes up and down four or five times an hour.

2) There are daily cycles with testosterone being higher in the morning and lower at night. 3) Men have a monthly hormonal cycle that is unique to each man, but men can actually track their moods and recognize they are related to hormonal changes through the month.

4) We know that there are seasonal cycles with testosterone higher in November and lower in April. 5) We know about hormonal cycles with males during adolescence, but also the years between 40 and 55 have what we call male menopause or Andropause. 6) Finally, we know there are hormonal changes in men going through IMS, related to stress in a man's life.

BELLY BUTTON the scar pokes out from the stomach, resulting in an "outie. " As numerous sources including BBC Health and Blue Cross Blue Shield of Minnesota report, whether you end up with an innie or an outie is random. Nikon Microscopy. U suggests that extra skin left from the umbilical cord may cause the protrusion of an outie,