Reproductive System Section 1 Reproductive and Hormonal Functions

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Reproductive System • Section 1 Reproductive and Hormonal Functions of the Male • Section

Reproductive System • Section 1 Reproductive and Hormonal Functions of the Male • Section 2. Reproductive and Hormonal Functions of the Female • Section 3. Hormonal control of the menstrual cycle • Section 4 Pregnancy • Section 5 Oxytocin

Section 1 Reproductive and Hormonal Functions of the Male

Section 1 Reproductive and Hormonal Functions of the Male

Functions of testes • spermatogenesis – seminiferous tubules • secrete hormones – testosterone -

Functions of testes • spermatogenesis – seminiferous tubules • secrete hormones – testosterone - by the instestitial cels of Leydig, – inhibin - by Sertoil cells

I. Endocrine Function of Testes • Androgens: testosterone, dihydrotesterone (双氢睾酮) androstenodione (雄烯二酮) • Function

I. Endocrine Function of Testes • Androgens: testosterone, dihydrotesterone (双氢睾酮) androstenodione (雄烯二酮) • Function of testosterone – Maintenance of spermatogenesis – Stimulation of development of genitalia. – Development and maintenance of the male secondary sexual characteristics. – Maintenance of libido. – Effect on metabolism. • • increases anabolism of protein, causes growth of the bones deposition of calcium salts enhancement of production of red cells.

Endocrine Function of Testes (cont. ) • Inhibin – a glycoprotein with a molecular

Endocrine Function of Testes (cont. ) • Inhibin – a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 31, 000 -32, 000 – Secreted by by Sertoil cells in testis – potent inhibitory effect on FSH secretion by pituitary gland. – slightly inhibitory in Gn. RH secretion.

II. Regulation of Testis Function • Hypothalamic-Pituitary -Testis Axis – Gn. RH – FSH,

II. Regulation of Testis Function • Hypothalamic-Pituitary -Testis Axis – Gn. RH – FSH, LH – Testerone • Negative Feedback Mechanism – Testosterone – Inhibin • Local regulation in testes

Section 2 Reproductive and Hormonal Functions of the Female

Section 2 Reproductive and Hormonal Functions of the Female

I. Menstruation, Ovulation and Hormonal Regulation • Menstruation cycle or female sexual cycle –

I. Menstruation, Ovulation and Hormonal Regulation • Menstruation cycle or female sexual cycle – Uterine cycle • • • Proliferative phase (estrogen phase) Secretary phase (progesterone phase) Menstruation – Ovarian Cycle • • • Follicular phase Ovulation Luteal phase

Uterine Cycle • Proliferative phase (estrogen phase) • Secretary phase (progesterone phase) • Menstruation

Uterine Cycle • Proliferative phase (estrogen phase) • Secretary phase (progesterone phase) • Menstruation

Ovarian Cycle • Follicular phase • Ovulation • Luteal phase

Ovarian Cycle • Follicular phase • Ovulation • Luteal phase

Endocrine Functions of Ovaries • Physiological function of estrogen – On sexual organs –

Endocrine Functions of Ovaries • Physiological function of estrogen – On sexual organs – On secondary female sexual characteristics – On metabolism – others • Physiological function of progesterone – on uterus – on breasts – thermogenic effect – others

Section 3. Hormonal control of the menstrual cycle

Section 3. Hormonal control of the menstrual cycle

Section 4 Pregnancy

Section 4 Pregnancy

I. Fertilization and Implantation

I. Fertilization and Implantation

II. Hormones of Placenta • Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) • Progesterone and Estrogen •

II. Hormones of Placenta • Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) • Progesterone and Estrogen • Human Chorionic Somatommotropin (HCS)

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) • glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 39, 000 secreted

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) • glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 39, 000 secreted by the syncytial trophoblast cells can be measured in the blood 8 to 9 days after ovulation Function: • • • identical to LH in its effect maintain the corpus letum

Progesterone and Estrogen • Secreted by corpus luteum before 5 -6 weeks of pregancy

Progesterone and Estrogen • Secreted by corpus luteum before 5 -6 weeks of pregancy and by placenta later • maintain the endometrium and prevent menstruation • Estrogen: cause enlargement of uterus, breasts and mother’s female external genitalia • Progesterone: decrease the contractility of pregnant uterus

Human Chorionic Somatommotropin (HCS) • protein with molecular weight of 38, 000 • begins

Human Chorionic Somatommotropin (HCS) • protein with molecular weight of 38, 000 • begins to be secreted by the placenta at the 5 th week of pregnancy • Secretion in direct proportion to the weight of placenta. • Function – stimulates growth of fetus – regulates metabolism of carbohydrate, fat and protein in both the fetus and the mother