Reproductive system l Male reproductive system l Female

l Male reproductive system. l Female reproductive system.

ltestis l. Genital excurrent ducts l. Accessory sex glands lpenis

bladder Seminal vesicle prostate Bulbourethral gland Corpus cavernosum Ductus deferens Corpus spongiosum Ductus epididymis

一、testis summary l tunica albuginea→septum l lobules of testis l in each lobule, consist

（一）seminiferous tubule seminiferous epithelium l. Supporting cells/ sertoli cells l. Spermatogenic cells

Basal lamina spermatogonium Primary spermatocyte Sertoli C spermatid

1. Spermatogenic cells • spermatogonium • primary spermatocyte • secondary spermatocyte • spermatid •

（1）spermatogonium llocation: closely attach to basal lamina of spermatogenic Epi. l round，organells poorlydeveloped l

（2）primary spermatocyte l attach to the luminal surface of the spermatogonia. l large. l

（3）secondary spermatocyte l Not easy to be seen in section. l After the second

（4）spermatid l adjoining to the lumen. l No division，undergo extensive cell remodeling , as

（5）sperm l Shaped pollywog，divide into head sperm & tail sperm。 l head: nucleus+acrosome。 l

2. supporting C l Sertoli C. l stained lightly，nucleulus is obvious。 l sides with

Blood-seminiferous tubule barrier： l The structure , prevent large molecular substances exchange between the

（二）interstitial C l Leydig C, In group, large , polygonal, highly eosinophilic. l Steroid-secreting

Functions of leydig C l maintain spermatogenesis & secondary sex characteristics. l. Be responsible

（三）straight tubule & rete testis l Straight tubule: near the mediastinum of the testis

Rete testis Straight tubule seminiferous tubule

二、epididymis summary l head、body & tail. l head: efferent ductules. l body & tail:

1. efferent ductules l 8 -12，continuous with rete testis l Epi. =high columnar C+low

2. dutus epididymis l 4 -6 m，highly convoluted l pseudostratified ciliated columnar Epi. =principal

三 ductus deferens lmucosa+muscular wall + adventitia lpseudostratified ciliated columnar Epi. =principal C +

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Reproductive system

l Male reproductive system. l Female reproductive system.

ltestis l. Genital excurrent ducts l. Accessory sex glands lpenis

bladder Seminal vesicle prostate Bulbourethral gland Corpus cavernosum Ductus deferens Corpus spongiosum Ductus epididymis Efferent ductule Rete testis Straight tubule Seminiferous tubule epididymis testis Tunica vaginalis

一、testis summary l tunica albuginea→septum l lobules of testis l in each lobule, consist of seminiferous tubules. l CT stroma , contains interstitial cells.

Testis& epididymis

（一）seminiferous tubule seminiferous epithelium l. Supporting cells/ sertoli cells l. Spermatogenic cells

Seminiferous tubule

Basal lamina spermatogonium Primary spermatocyte Sertoli C spermatid

1. Spermatogenic cells • spermatogonium • primary spermatocyte • secondary spermatocyte • spermatid • spermatozoa spermatogenesis

（1）spermatogonium llocation: closely attach to basal lamina of spermatogenic Epi. l round，organells poorlydeveloped l differentiate into primary spermatocyte

spermatogonia

（2）primary spermatocyte l attach to the luminal surface of the spermatogonia. l large. l after 1 st meiotic division， produce 2 secondary spermatocyte。

Primary spermatocytes

（3）secondary spermatocyte l Not easy to be seen in section. l After the second meiotic division，form 2 spermatids.

（4）spermatid l adjoining to the lumen. l No division，undergo extensive cell remodeling , as they differentiate into sperm. l this process is called spermiogenesis。

（5）sperm l Shaped pollywog，divide into head sperm & tail sperm。 l head: nucleus+acrosome。 l In acrosome, variant acrosomal enzymes. l tail: motile equipment.

sperm

2. supporting C l Sertoli C. l stained lightly，nucleulus is obvious。 l sides with tightly junction. l support , nutrient spermatogenic cells.

Supporting C

Blood-seminiferous tubule barrier： l The structure , prevent large molecular substances exchange between the blood and the seminiferous tubule. l costituents：endothelium & basal lamina of cap. 、CT、basal lamina of spermatogenic epi. And the tight junctions of adjoining supporting C. l Tight - junction is the essential constituent of blood-seminiferous tubule barrier.

（二）interstitial C l Leydig C, In group, large , polygonal, highly eosinophilic. l Steroid-secreting C: elaborate s. ER, Mit. With cristae. Secret testosterone/androgen

Interstitial C

Functions of leydig C l maintain spermatogenesis & secondary sex characteristics. l. Be responsible for the development of genital organs in male. l. Keep sex capability.

（三）straight tubule & rete testis l Straight tubule: near the mediastinum of the testis , where seminiferous tubule assume a short straight course. l Rete testis: the straight tubule empty into the rete testis, an anastomosing channel system within the mediastinum. l Sperm produced in seminiferous tubule pass by straight tubule & rete testis , leaving testis and arriving in epididymis.

Rete testis Straight tubule seminiferous tubule

二、epididymis summary l head、body & tail. l head: efferent ductules. l body & tail: dutus epididymis.

1. efferent ductules l 8 -12，continuous with rete testis l Epi. =high columnar C+low columnar C l Lumen is irregular l cilia is present.

efferent ductules

2. dutus epididymis l 4 -6 m，highly convoluted l pseudostratified ciliated columnar Epi. =principal C + basal C l lumen is regular，filled with sperm & secretions l the proximal , efferent ductules; the distal, ductus deferens.

dutus epididymis

Epi. dutus epididymis

三 ductus deferens lmucosa+muscular wall + adventitia lpseudostratified ciliated columnar Epi. =principal C + basal Cinner lmuscular wall : longitudinal, middle circular, outer longitudinal SMC

Ductus deferens