Reproductive System Dr Manodeep Chakraborty Content Male and
Reproductive System Dr. Manodeep Chakraborty
Content: Male and female reproductive system Their hormones – Physiology of menstruation Spermatogenesis & Oogenesis Sex determination (genetic basis) Pregnancy and maintenance and parturition Contraceptive device
Spermatogenesis
Factors influencing Spermatogenesis: Temperature Hormones Nutrition Factors adversely affecting Spermatogenesis: High body temperature Repeated exposure to X-rays & others radiations Chronic alcoholism Mental depression Viral infection
Oogenesis:
The reproductive cycle / Menstruation cycle
Determination of the time of ovulation Change in cervical mucus Body temperature Abdominal discomfort
Hormonal influence on Menstrual phase
Family Planning Methods Ø Barriers Ø IUCD Ø Surgical methods ü Vasectomy in males ü Tubectomy in female ü Leproscopy in female Ø Oral contraceptive pills Ø Chemical spermicidal agents Ø Natural methods Ø Abortion (dilation & curettage)
Sex determination Sperm X Y Ovum X X Offspring XX (female) XY (male)
Pregnancy, Physiological changes during pregnancy Parturition, labour, delivery or child birth Inactive uterine At full term uterine Muscle during contractility increases due to Pregnancy fall in progesterone & increase (high progesterone) in estrogen from fetal adrenal Prostaglandin from placenta Oxytocin from pituitary Relaxes the pelvis and softens the cervix for easy delivery Relaxin from CL, placenta, uterus Growing fetus reflexly stimulates uterine contraction Menopause
Male Reproductive System Testes
Spermatozoa
Scrotum
Seminal vesicles
Vas deferens
Prostate
Bulbourethral or cowper’s gland
Urethra
Penis
Female Reproductive system External genitalia (Vulva) Ø Labia majora Ø Labia minora Ø Vestibule Ø Hymen
Internal genitalia Ø Vagina
Uterus
Fallopian tube
Ovary
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