Reproductive System AP Reproductive System Functionproduce new life

Reproductive System A&P

Reproductive System Function=produce new life Gonads (sex glands), ducts (tubes), and accessory organs can be found in both males and females

Male Reproductive System Structures: 1) Testes 2) Epididymis 3) Vas deferens 4) Seminal vesicles 5) Ejaculatory ducts

Male Reproductive System Structures: 6) Urethra 7) Prostate gland 8) Cowper’s glands 9) Penis

Male Reproductive System Testes • male gonads (sex glands) • 2 testes • Located in scrotum • Produce male sex cells=sperm or spermatozoa

Male Reproductive System Testes • Sperm are produced in seminiferous tubules located in testes • Scrotum is outside the body to keep the temperature lower for sperm production

Male Reproductive System Testes • Produce male hormones • Main hormone=testosterone • Testosterone=aids in maturation of sperm

Male Reproductive System Testes • Testosterone=responsible for secondary sex characteristics • Secondary sex characteristics=body hair, facial hair, large muscles, deep voice

Male Reproductive System Epididymis • After sperm develop in seminiferous tubules in testes, they enter epididymis • Tightly coiled tube • About 20 feet long • Located in scrotum, above testes

Male Reproductive System Epididymis • Stores sperm while they mature and become motile • Produces fluid that becomes part of semen • Connects with vas deferens

Male Reproductive System Vas (ductus) deferens • Receives sperm and fluid from epididymis • On each testes, it joins with epididymis, extends up into the abd cavity, curves behind the bladder & joins with the seminal vesicle

Male Reproductive System Vas (ductus) deferens • Passageway & temporary storage for sperm • Tubes that are cut during a vasectomy • Vasectomy=sterilization procedure

Male Reproductive System Seminal Vesicles • 2 small pouch-like tubes • Located behind the bladder & near junction of vas deferens & ejaculatory ducts • Have glandular lining

Male Reproductive System Seminal Vesicles • Lining produces thick, yellow fluid that is rich in sugar & provides nourishment for sperm • This fluid composes a large part of the semen

Male Reproductive System Ejaculatory Ducts • 2 short tubes • Formed by the joining of the vas deferens & seminal vesicles • Carry sperm & fluids (which together is called semen) through the prostate & into urethra

Male Reproductive System Prostate Gland • Doughnut-shaped gland • Located below bladder & on either side of urethra • Produces alkaline secretion that increases sperm motility & neutralizes acidity in vagina

Male Reproductive System Prostate Gland • Muscular tissue in prostate contracts during ejaculation (expulsion of semen from body) • This contraction aids in expulsion of semen into urethra

Male Reproductive System Prostate Gland • When prostate contracts, it closes off the urethra, preventing urine passage through the urethra

Male Reproductive System Cowper’s Glands • AKA bulbourethral glands • 2 small glands • Located below prostate & connected by small tubes to urethra • Secrete mucus

Male Reproductive System Cowper’s Glands • This mucus is a lubricant for intercourse • This mucus is alkaline, to decrease the acidity of urine residue in the urethra

Male Reproductive System Urethra • Tube that extends from urinary bladder to outside of body • Carries urine and semen

Male Reproductive System Penis • External male reproductive organ • Also functions in urinary system • Distal end is an enlarged structure=glans penis • Glans penis is covered with a prepuce (foreskin)

Male Reproductive System Penis • Circumcision=surgical procedure to remove the foreskin • Made of spongy erectile tissue • During sexual arousal, spaces in this tissue fill with blood causing the penis to become erect

Female Reproductive System Structures: 1) Ovaries 2) Fallopian tubes 3) Uterus 4) Bartholin’s glands 5) Vulva 6) Breasts

Female Reproductive System Ovaries: • Female gonads • 2 small, almond-shaped glands • Located in abd cavity • Attached to uterus by ligaments

Female Reproductive System Ovaries: • Contain thousands of small sacs=follicles • Each follicle contains an immature ovum (female sex cell)

Female Reproductive System Ovaries: • When ovum matures, follicle enlarges and ruptures to release mature ovum=ovulation • Ovulation usually occurs once every 28 days

Female Reproductive System Ovaries: • Ovaries produce hormones that aid in development of reproductive organs and produce secondary sexual characteristics

Female Reproductive System Fallopian tubes: • • • 2 tubes, attached to either side of the upper part of the uterus 5 inches long Passageway for ovum from ovary to uterus

Female Reproductive System Fallopian tubes: • • • Lateral ends are located above the ovaries, but not directly connected to the ovaries Lateral ends have fingerlike projections=fimbriae Fimbriae help move the ovum into the fallopian tubes

Female Reproductive System Fallopian tubes: • • • Peristalsis moves the ovum through the tubes Cilia line the tubes and help keep ovum moving toward uterus Fertilization=union of ovum and sperm, takes place in tubes

Female Reproductive System Uterus: • • • Hollow, muscular, pear-shaped organ Located behind the urinary bladder and in front of the rectum It allows for the growth & development of the fetus

Female Reproductive System Uterus: Divided into 3 parts: 1) Fundus=top section, where fallopian tubes attach 2) Body (corpus)=middle section 3) Cervix=narrow, bottom section, attaches to vagina •

Female Reproductive System Uterus: • • Contracts to aid in expulsion of fetus Menstruation occurs in uterus Has 3 layers: endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium Endometrium=inner layer, where implantation occurs

Female Reproductive System Uterus: • • • Endometrium=inner, epithelial layer, where implantation occurs If fertilization doesn’t occur, endometrium deteriorates and causes bleeding=menstruation Myometrium=middle, muscle layer

Female Reproductive System Uterus: • • • Myometrium allows for the expansion of the uterus during pregnancy Myometrium contracts to expel fetus during birth Perimetrium=outer, serous membrane layer

Female Reproductive System Vagina: • • Muscular tube Connects cervix of uterus to outside of body Passageway for birth, menstrual flow, & receives sperm Lined with mucous membrane and rugae (to allow for expansion during childbirth and intercourse)

Female Reproductive System Bartholin’s glands: • • AKA vestibular glands 2 small glands Located one on each side of the vaginal opening Secrete mucus for lubrication during intercourse

Female Reproductive System Vuvla: Includes all structures that form the external female genital area 1) Mons pubis=triangular fat pad covered with hair, lies over the pubic area

Female Reproductive System Vuvla: 2) 3) Labia majora=2 large folds of fatty tissue; covered with hair on their outer surfaces; enclose and protect the vagina Labia minora=2 smaller hairless folds of tissue; located within the labia majora

Female Reproductive System Vuvla: 4) Vestibule=area of the vulva located inside the labia minora; contains openings to urethra and vagina 5) Clitoris=erectile tissue; located at junction of labia minora; produces sexual arousal

Female Reproductive System Perineum • Area between vagina and anus • Perineum also describes the entire pelvic floor in males and females

Female Reproductive System Breasts • AKA mammary glands • Function=secrete milk (lactate) after childbirth • Milk ducts exit on the surface at nipples