Reproductive Health Safety Lesson 4 FDA Approved Contraceptives

Reproductive Health & Safety Lesson 4 – FDA Approved Contraceptives

The Lesson Objectives 1. Answer Submitted Questions 2. Review the Previous Lesson 3. Learn the FDA Approved Contraceptives Including Barrier, Hormonal and Permanent Methods Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Ground Rules • Be Respectful • Exhibit Maturity • Demonstrate Patience Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

The Question Box Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Let’s Review Wake County Public School System 5 Reproductive Health & Safety

A Quick Review • STDs • Bacterial STDs/STIs • Viral STDs/STIs • Parasitic STDs/STIs Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

What is the FDA? The United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) is an agency within the United States Department of Health and Human Services. Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

What is the Role of the FDA? The FDA is the agency that is responsible for monitoring/regulating: § human drugs ▪ US food supply § veterinary drugs ▪ cosmetics § vaccines ▪ dietary supplements § medical devices ▪ tobacco products Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Barrier Methods § § § Male Condom Female Condom Diaphragm Cervical Cap Sponge Spermicide Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Male Condom - A latex or polyurethane sheath placed over the erect penis. Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Male Condom Risks – Irritation and allergic reaction Failure Rate – 11 pregnancies per 100 women per year See FDA effectiveness chart Protection from STDs – May provide some protection from STDs Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Female Condom - A polyurethane sheath with a closed end that has a flexible ring that is inserted in to the vagina Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Female Condom Risks – Irritation and allergic reaction Failure Rate – 21 pregnancies per 100 women per year See FDA effectiveness chart Protection from STD – May provide some protection from STDs – Not as effective as a latex condom Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Diaphragm with Spermicide A dome shaped rubber device that covers the cervix Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Diaphragm with Spermicide Risks – Irritation and allergic reactions, urinary tract infection and in rare cases Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) Failure Rate – 15 pregnancies per 100 women per year See FDA effectiveness chart Protection from STD – None Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Sponge with Spermicide A disk-shaped polyurethane device with the spermicide nonoxynol -9 Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Sponge with Spermicide Risks – Irritation and allergic reaction, in rare cases TSS Failure Rate – 16 -32 pregnancies per 100 women per year See FDA effectiveness chart Protection from STD – None Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Cervical Cap with Spermicide. A soft latex or silicone cup with a round rim, used to cover the cervix Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Cervical Cap with Spermicide Risks – Irritation and allergic reaction, in rare cases TSS and abnormal Pap test Failure Rate – 17 -23 pregnancies per 100 women per year See FDA effectiveness chart Protection from STD – None Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Spermicide A foam, cream, jelly, film or tablet that kills sperm Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Spermicide Risks – Irritation and allergic reaction, urinary tract infection Failure Rate – 30 pregnancies per 100 women per year See FDA effectiveness chart Protection from STD – None Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Hormonal Methods § § Oral Contraceptives § Combined Pill § Progestin-only § Extended/Continuous Patch Vaginal Contraceptive Ring Shot/Injection Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Combined Pill A pill that uses estrogen and progestin to stop ovaries from releasing eggs and thickens cervical mucus Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Combined Pill Risks – Dizziness, nausea, changes in menstruation, mood, and weight, rarely cardiovascular disease, including high blood pressure, blood clots, heart attack and stroke Failure Rate – 5 pregnancies per 100 women per year Wake County Public School System Protection from STD – None Reproductive Health & Safety

Progestin Only A pill that uses progestin to reduce and thickens cervical mucus Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Progestin Only. Risks – Irregular bleeding, weight gain and breast tenderness Failure Rate – 5 pregnancies per 100 women per year See FDA effectiveness chart Protection from STD – None Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Extended/Continuous A pill that uses estrogen and progestin and is taken in 3 month cycles, thus reducing the number of menstrual periods Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Extended/Continuous Risks – Similar to other pills, bleeding and spotting between periods Failure Rate – 5 pregnancies per 100 women per year See FDA effectiveness chart Wake County Public School System Protection from STD – None Reproductive Health & Safety

Patch Skin patch worn on the body that releases progestin and estrogen into the bloodstream Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Patch Risks – Higher levels of estrogen Failure Rate – 5 pregnancies per 100 women per year See FDA effectiveness chart Protection from STD – None Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Vaginal Contraceptive Ring A flexible ring that is inserted into the vagina and releases progestin and estrogen Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Vaginal Contraceptive Ring Risks – Irritation, vaginal discharge, vaginal swelling and other risks similar to oral contraceptives Failure Rate – 5 pregnancies per 100 women per year See FDA effectiveness chart Wake County Public School System Protection from STD – None Reproductive Health & Safety

Injection/Shot An injectable form of progestin and estrogen, needed every 3 months Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Injection/Shot Risks – Bone loss, bleeding between periods, weight gain, breast tenderness, headaches Failure Rate – 1 pregnancy per 100 women per year See FDA effectiveness chart Protection from STD – None Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Emergency Contraceptive Wake County Public School System Pills containing progestin or estrogen and progestin, must be used within 72 hours after unprotected sex, should not be used as a regular form of birth control Reproductive Health & Safety

Emergency Contraceptive Risks – Nausea, vomiting headaches, abdominal pain, fatigue and headaches Failure Rate – 15 pregnancies per 100 women per year See FDA effectiveness chart Protection from STD – None Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Implanted Devices § § IUD (Intrauterine Device) Implantable Rod Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Intrauterine Device A T-shaped device inserted in to the uterus by a health professional Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Intrauterine Device Risks – Cramps, bleeding, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infertility, tear or hole in uterus Failure Rate – 1 pregnancy per 100 women per year See FDA effectiveness chart Protection from STD – None Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Implant Matchstick sized rubber rods that are surgically implanted under the skin of the upper arm, that release progestin Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Implant Risks – Acne, weight gain, ovarian cysts, mood changes, depression, hair loss, headache, upset stomach, dizziness, soreness in breasts and changes in period Photo - S. Linder Failure Rate – 1 pregnancy per 100 women per year See FDA effectiveness chart Protection from STD – None Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Permanent Methods for Women Sterilization Implant – Coil is placed in the fallopian tubes, causes scar tissue to form thus blocking the fallopian tubes Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Permanent Methods for Women Risks – Mild to moderate pain after insertion, ectopic (tubal) pregnancy Failure Rate – 1 pregnancy per 100 women per year See FDA effectiveness chart Protection from STD – None Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Permanent Methods for Women Sterilization Surgery – The fallopian tubes are tied off and cut apart, procedure done in hospital setting Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Permanent Methods for Women Risks – Pain, bleeding, infection or other similar complications after surgery, ectopic (tubal) pregnancy Failure Rate – 1 pregnancy per 100 women per year See FDA effectiveness chart Protection from STD – None Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Permanent Methods for Men Surgical Surgery (vasectomy) – A small incision is made in the scrotum, the vas deferens are then tied off, cut (a small portion may be removed) and the ends are stitched, clipped or cauterized (device destroys tissue) Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Permanent Methods for Men Risks – Pain, bleeding, infection or other similar complications after surgery Failure Rate – 1 pregnancy per 100 women per year See FDA effectiveness chart Protection from STD – None Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Let’s Review Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Knowledge Assessment Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

The End Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety