REPRODUCTION Sexual and Asexual Reproduction the process of

REPRODUCTION Sexual and Asexual

Reproduction – the process of living things producing the same type of living thing. Examples – horses produce horses, humans produce humans, and tomato plants produce tomatoes. * Like produces like. There are two types of reproduction: asexual and sexual

Asexual Reproduction Living things that reproduce from only one parent. Examples: Regeneration, budding, and cellular division.

Advantages of Asexual Reproduction: • animals that live in one place & unable to look for mates reproduce asexually. • numerous offspring can be produced without a great amount of energy or time. • One single organism can start new colonies in new locations. • Mating partners are not needed to be found. • More reliable (less to go wrong in cell division)

Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction: • Species may not be able to adapt to a changing environment

Regeneration

Regeneration (before)

Regeneration (after)

Crown of Thorns Story

Regeneration (ex. starfish)

Can humans regenerate body parts by asexual reproduction?

Regeneration (ex. Planaria)

Budding (ex: Hydra)

Cellular Division (also called Binary Fission) • Protozoa

Binary Fission (ex. paramecium)

Binary Fission (ex. bacteria)

Asexual Reproduction in Plants • Propagation-transplanting parts of a plant to a new growing area (ex. Rhizomes, runners, bulb formation, rooting from stems) • Budding-tiny bud growing off parent plant (ex. Potato “eyes”, branches budding) • Spores-reproductive cells that produce a new organism (ex. Ferns, mushrooms, molds)

Propagation

Plant Budding

Spores

Sexual Reproduction Sexual reproduction usually requires two parents (partners). Examples: frogs, deer, bats, humans, and flowers.

Surinam Toad • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=m. Z 7 b 4 spj. Xhw

Advantages of Sexual Reproduction: • The offspring will be different than its parents. This allows the species to adapt to its surroundings.

Galapagos Finches • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=l 25 MBq 8 T 77 w

Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction: • Often slower than asexual reproduction, and less reliable (more mutations, problems) • Much energy is used in mating processes • http: //videos. howstuffworks. com/animal-planet/28366 -fooled-by-nature-bowerbirds-seduction-video. htm • Can’t always find suitable mate

TWO TYPES OF REPRODUCTION • 1. Internal Fertilization • 2. External Fertilization

Internal Fertilization • Conjugation- Sexual reproduction between microscopic organisms Asexual budding

External Fertilization • Sex cells are dispersed out of the body in water • Examples: fish, salamanders, jellyfish

Meiosis • Produces sex cells only (sperm or egg cells) • Takes place in the reproductive organs of organisms that reproduce sexually.