Reproduction Reproduction Organisms produce new organisms like themselves

Reproduction

Reproduction ◦ Organisms produce new organisms like themselves Sexual Reproduction ◦ Two cells (gametes) involved and the two cells combine to form one cell (zygote) ◦ Two parents produce offspring that share characteristics of both parents ◦ Usually occurs in plants, animals, and most multicellular organisms

Benefits of Sexual Reproduction ◦ Produce offspring with genetic material from both parents which creates a great variety in the species ◦ More adaptations in species allow for greater adaptation to changes in the environment ◦ In species where males help raise the offspring, it is possible to produce more offspring with a greater chance of survival

Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction ◦ Organisms reproduce two times slower so it takes longer to build the population ◦ If a mate is not found, the female’s egg is wasted ◦ Parents often have to raise the offspring; offspring are not self-sufficient

Asexual Reproduction ◦ Reproduction in which a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent. It’s a clone. ◦ One cell is involved (mitosis)

Benefits of Asexual Reproduction ◦ Allow the plant to reproduce even when conditions are not right for seed germination ◦ Organisms can produce more offspring faster ◦ Population grows twice as fast; increasing the survival rate ◦ Parent does not waste time or energy looking for a mate

Disadvantage of Asexual Reproduction ◦ Organisms are identical so it is easy for them to get wiped out because they have the same genes ◦ Fewer adaptations because offspring are identical to the parent

Types of Asexual Reproduction ◦ Binary Fission Cell divides into two cells (amoeba & bacteria) ◦ Spores Plant cells grow new plants (fern)

◦ Budding A new organism grows from the body of the parent organism (hydra) ◦ Regeneration Part of an organism breaks off and then develops into a new individual identical to the parent (sea star) ◦ Fragmentation Very similar to regeneration, but is the main form of reproduction (flatworm) (add pictures of the hydra and the sea star)

◦ Vegetative Propagation The production of plants from the parts of plants It does not involve the formation of flowers, seeds, or fruits The stem or root of the plant produces a new plant Examples: ◦ Tuber – potato ◦ Bulb – tulip ◦ Runner – strawberries ◦ Rhizome – iris; ginger ◦ Cutting – coleus ◦ Crown – asparagus

Glue in pictures of the types of vegetative propagation