Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Parent No union of gametes

Reproduction

Asexual Reproduction • • _____ Parent No union of gametes Offspring genetically _______ to parents (“clone”) Offspring results from _____ cell division Don’t need to search for mate No special reproductive cells or organs needed Used in many protists, simple animals and many plants

Binary Fission • Parent organism divides in half by mitosis • Cytoplasm ______ • Ex: bacteria, algae, protozoa http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=DY 9 DNWcqx. I 4&safe=active

• Remember the Phases of Mitosis? – # of chromosomes in parent and daughter cells is the same • • • Interphase Prophase _____ Anaphase Telophase

Animal vs. Plant Cell Mitosis

• Cancer • Uncontrolled rapid mitotic cell division

Budding • Parent organism _____________ • Cytoplasm _____ divided • New individuals develop as a small outgrowth or bud in outer surface of organism • Ex: yeast, hydra

Sporulation • Single specialized cells produced by one parent germinate and grow • Ex: – _____, _____

Regeneration • Ability of an organism to re-grow lost body parts • Usually found in _____ that have more undifferentiated cells than vertebrates • Ex: – Planeria cut in half, starfish, earthworm, lizard can escape from predator by losing its tail when caught

Asexual Plant Reproduction – Most plants reproduce sexually using seeds – Many also reproduce asexually by means of roots, stems and leaves – This is called _____________ • Creates new plants genetically _______ to parent http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=drcn. Tg 7 ZCoc&safe=active

Bulbs • Enlarged underground stems • Small new bulbs will sprout along side of main bulb and ______ • Ex: daffodils, tulips, onions, garlic

Tubers • Enlarged part of underground stems • Have “___” which are tiny buds • Ex: potatoes – If potato is cutup, each new piece containing an eye can develop into a new plant

Runners • Stems that grow sideways _____ the ground • Where it touches ground, roots grow, creating a new plant • Ex: strawberry

Rhizomes • Stem grows sideways _______ • Enlarged areas called _______ produce buds that grow upwards to form new plants • Ex: bamboo, ginger

Artificial Vegetative Propagation • Allow farmers to grow plants with desired traits exactly like parent and faster than from seeds • Helpful is quickly propagating plants with a _________ – Ex: Can produce different varieties of apples from the same tree • Plants bearing ______ can only be propagated this way – Ex: seedless oranges and watermelons

• Cuttings: – _____, _____ or ____ used to produce new individual – Ex: African violets

• Layering: – stem bent over _______ and develop roots

• Grafting: – remove stem or bud from one plant and ___________ – “Scion” as attached to “stock” plant but keeps it’s own genetic characteristics

• Vegetative Propagation: Asexual Plant Reproduction • http: //educationportal. com/academy/lesson/asexual-plantreproduction-vegetative-propagation-andbulbs. html • Asexual Reproduction Song • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=z 7 I 0 mw 4 ZDJ A&safe=active