Reported speech www ingilizcebankasi com 2016 ingilizcebankasi com

Direct speech I’m hungry. • She said, ‘I’m hungry. ’ • ‘I’m hungry, ’ she said. • Direct speech (dolaysız anlatım), birisinin ifadesini aktarırken, ifadede hiçbir değişiklik yapmadan ve tırnak içerisinde aktarılmasıdır. ingilizcebankasi. com

Reported speech (Indirect speech) I’m hungry. • She says she’s hungry. • Reported speech, tırnak işareti kullanılmadan ve belirli değişikliklerle konuşmanın aktarılmasıdır. ingilizcebankasi. com

Say/tell • Bu ifadelerde that kullanmak isteğe bağlıdır. He says that he is hungry. He tells me that he is hungry. ingilizcebankasi. com

Personal pronouns • Aktarım cümlesindeki ( I, my, me, mine, myself, we, our, us, ourselves ) gibi 1. şahısla ilgili sıfat ve zamirler konuşan kişiye göre değişir. • Sue says: «I want my right. » • Sue says she wants her right. ingilizcebankasi. com

• ( you, yourself, yourselves ) gibi 2. şahısla ilgili sıfat ve zamirler ise konuşulan kişiye göre değişir. • Sue tells me: «I love you. » • Sue tells me she loves me. • Sue tells John: «I love you. » • Sue tells John she likes him. ingilizcebankasi. com

Time change in reported speech • Said, told, asked gibi past tense’ler ile yapılan reported speech ifadelerinde aktarılan cümlenin tense’i de past tense’lere dönüştürülür. • She says she is hungry. • She said she was hungry. (is was yapıldı) ingilizcebankasi. com

Present tense’ler past tense’lere dönüşür. DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH am/is/are I am in shock. was/were Sally said she was in shock. Present simple I live in an old house. Past simple Sally said she lived in an old house. Present continuous We are listening to you. Past continuous They told me they were listening to me. Present perfect simple I have finished the report. Past perfect simple She said she had finished the report. Present perfect continuous I have been running for hours. Past perfect continuous She said she had been running all day. Have got/haven’t got I have got a headache. Had / didn’t have She said she had a headache. am/is/are going to future I am going to buy a car. Was/were going to She said she was going to buy a car. ingilizcebankasi. com

Past tense’ler anlam açısından gerek olmazsa aynı kalır veya past perfect tense’lere dönüşür. DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH was/were I was very tired. was / had been He said he had been tired. Past simple We went to the garden. Past simple/ Past perfect They said they had gone to the garden. Past continuous I was sleeping then. Past continuous/Past perfect continuous She said she had been sleeping then. Past perfect simple We had seen the film before. Past perfect simple They said they had seen the film before. ingilizcebankasi. com

Present modals DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH will I will give it up. would He said he would give it up. can We can play chess. could They told me they could play chess. may It may rain. might She said it might rain. have to / don’t have to I have to go out. had to / didn’t have to She said she had to go out. must I must start this. must/had to She said she must/had to start it. ingilizcebankasi. com

Past modals DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH Zaten past yapıda olan modallar değişmez. could, would, should, might, ought, had better, used to I could draw pictures. We used to be happier. She said she could draw pictures. They said they used to be happier. ingilizcebankasi. com

Time words change DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH now then, at that time today, tonight that day, that night yesterday the day before, the previous day (two days) ago (two days) before last (week) the previous (week), the (week) before last (Sunday ) the previous (Sunday) tomorrow the following day, the next day next week/next Sunday the following week/the following (Sunday) this (year) this (book) this is that (year) the (book) it was ingilizcebankasi. com

Direct speech Reported speech • John said: «I have a car. » • John said that he had a car. ingilizcebankasi. com

• Sally told Tony: «I can repair my bike by myself. » • Sally told Tony that she could repair her bike by herself. ingilizcebankasi. com

• Ali told me: «I saw you in Paris two days ago. » • Ali told me he had seen me in Paris two days before. ingilizcebankasi. com

• Sami said: ‘I can swim well. ’ • Sami said he could swim very well. ingilizcebankasi. com

• George told us: ‘I am flying now. ’ • George told us he was flying then. ingilizcebankasi. com

• The doctor told the baby: ‘It won’t hurt you. ’ • The doctor told the baby it wouldn’t hurt her. ingilizcebankasi. com

• They said: ‘We have travelled in the desert for days. ’ • They said they had travelled in the desert for days. ingilizcebankasi. com

• The teacher said to us: ‘You will have an exam tomorrow. » • The teacher said to us that we would have an exam the following day. ingilizcebankasi. com