Reported speech reporting verbs and reporting questions geronimo

Reported speech, reporting verbs and reporting questions geronimo aizen, Tatiana calderón y deborah strauss

Direct and reported speech ● When we use direct speech, we report the exact words that someone had used. For example: “ I´m staying here tomorrow “, said Amy. ● When we use reported speech, we may have to change the tenses of the verbs, pronouns, certain words and indicating place and time. For example: Amy said she was staying there the next day.

Reporting statements The following changes are usually made to verbs. In each case the verb “moves back” one tense. Past

No changes are made in verbs tenses: ● If the verb in the direct speech is in past perfect: “He had never spoken about it before”, she said. She said she had never spoken about it before. ● If the direct speech contains modal verbs like: would, might, could, should, ought to: “You should go to the doctor”, she said. She said you should go to the doctor. ● If the reporting verb is in the present: “It is 40 degrees in Atenas at the moment” (jeremy said to his mother). Jeremy said it is 40 degrees in Atenas at the moment (the mother to her husband).

● Pronouns in direct speech may have to change when we use reported speech: “ I´ll see you soon”, said Peter see me soon. Peter said he would ● This, that, these and those, may have to change to the: “That book you lend me is boring”, she said. She said the book you lent him was boring.

● We also have to change words that indicates places and time:

Reporting verbs We use them to replace the original verb of a sentence. For example: ‘You should go to the doctor’ he said. He said I should go to the doctor He advised me to go to the doctor. ● Tell: it is used with a direct object. He told me he was getting married. statement Tell is also used to command (tell + object + infinitive with to): ‘Put your coat on’ she said. She told him to put his coat on.

● Say and explain are used without a direct object: She said she was ill (not She said me…) Also, they can be used with an indirect object: I explained to them I had left my passport at home (not I explained them). ● - Ask: it is used: To request (ask + object + infinitive with to) ‘Can you help me, please? ’ He asked me to help him. - For questions: ‘ Can you ride a horse? ’ She asked me if I could ride a horse.

This patterns can be used after recommend and suggest: He recommended/suggested I (should) eat less. She recommended/suggested joining a youth club. The infinitive with to can only be used after recommend. He suggested me to go to the chemist’s.

Reporting questions Changes in the reporting questions: -Auxiliary verbs: Auxiliary verbs do, does and did are omitted. -Word order: The word order is the same as that of a statement. -Punctuation: Question marks are not used. EXAMPLES: What do you want to do? He asked me what i wanted to do. Where have you been? She asked him where he had been.

Yes/No questions: If there is no question word (what, where, who, etc) in the direct question we use if or whether. EXAMPLE: Does she know Joe? He asked if/whether she knew Joe.

Reported speech transformations: http: //www. teachenglish 4 u. com/Rephrase_B 2/kwt 14. htm Reporting questions: https: //www. perfect-english-grammar. com/reported-speech-exercise-7. html https: //www. englisch-hilfen. de/en/exercises/reported_speech/backshift. htm