REPORTED SPEECH REPORTED SPEECHINDIRECT SP Indirect Speech also

REPORTED SPEECH

REPORTED SPEECH(INDIRECT SP. ) Ø Indirect Speech (also referred to as 'reported speech') refers to a sentence reporting what someone has said. It is almost always used in spoken English. Ø If the reporting verb (i. e. said) is in the past, the reported clause will be in a past form. This form is usually one step back into the past from the original.

He said, "I live in Paris. “ present simple He said he lived in Paris. He said, "I am cooking dinner. " present con. He said he was cooking dinner. He said, "I have visted London twice. present perfect He said he had visited London twice. He said, "I went to New York last week. “past simple. . He said he had gone to New York the week before. Ø Ø Ø Ø He said, "I had already eaten. " past perfect He said he had already eaten He said, "I am going to find a new job. “going to future He said he was going to find a new job. He said, "I will give Jack a call. " simple future He said he would give Jack a call.

EXAPLES Ø Ali: ‘I don’t like horror films’ Ø Ali said he didn’t like horror film. Ø Ali says he doesn’t lke horroe films. Ø Ali said ‘I don’t like horror films ’ Ø ‘ I don’t like horror films ’he said

REPORTING STATEMENTS While reporting the sentences we generally use (tell and say) Ø He has told me…. . /I will tell him……We told them………… Ø He said (that)…… I will say (that)…. OR He said to me …. . (not common)

Examples (present tenses and future) Ø Paul: I am not so keen on to see this film. Ø Paul says that he is not so keen on to see that film. Ø Paul has told us he is not so keen on to see that film Ø Paul will tell you he is not so keen on to see that film.

EXAMPLES(PAST AND PAST PERFECT) Ø Ayşe : I will help you tomorrow. Ø Ayşe told me (that) she would help me the following day. Ø Ayşe had told me…………………. . . .

TENSE CHANGES in REPORTED SPEECH Ø Ø Ø ‘’I never get up late’’ >He said that he never got up late. ‘’I am working on my thesis’’ >He said that he was working on his thesis. ‘’I have applied for a job. ’’ >He said that he had applied for a job. ‘’I have been working for two hours. ’’ >He said that he had been working for two hours. ‘’I stayed at home last night. ’’ >He said that he had stayed at home the previous night. ‘’I was working in Ankara last year. ’’ >He said that he had been working in Ankara the previous year.

am-is-are going to…………………. was-were going to. Ø Shall-will……………. . shouldl-would Ø Should-would…………. . . should-would Ø Can…………………could Ø Must-have to……………. had to Ø Don’t have to……………didn’t have to Ø Must’t………………must’nt Ø May…………………might Ø Might………………. might Ø Used to………………. . used to Ø

Expressions of time and place in Reported Speech Today Ø Tonight Ø Yesterday Ø Last week Ø Yesterday morning Ø Two years ago Ø Tomorrow Ø Next week Ø Now Ø that day that night the previous day the previous week the previous morning two years before-earlier the next day the following week then-immediately

MORE REPORTING VERBS(EXAMPLES) Ex’: I didn’t steal the Money’ Ø He denied that he had stolen the Money Ø Ex: ’We will get married as soon as school is over. Ø They announced that they would get married as soon as school was over. Ø Ex: ’You will really feel comfortable at that hotel’ Ø The travel agent assured us that we would really feel comfortable at that hotel. Ø

Ø Ex: I will never leave you’ Ø He promised met hat he would never leave me. Ø Ex: ’I killed him last night’ Ø He confessed that he had killed him the previous night. Ø Ex: ’I stayed in Saudi Arabia so I can speak Arabic fluently. ’ Ø He boasted that he had stayed in S. A. so he could speak Arabic fluently.

Reporting Verbs Ø Add Ø Boast Ø Announce Ø Answer Ø Deny Ø Complain Ø Promise Shout Yell Inform Reply Assure Protest Remind(obj)

REPORTING QUESTIONS Ø Intead of ‘’say-tell’……… Ø Ask Ø Wonder Ø Want to know Ø Want to learn

Examples Ø ‘Why didn’t you come to the party’ Ø She asked me why I hadn’t come to the party. Ø ‘Why are you leaving so early today’ Ø My mother asked me why I was leaving so early that day. Ø Are you coming with us’ Ø She asked me if I was coming with them.

Ø ‘Are you coming with us’ Ø She is asking me if I am coming with them. Ø ‘Why did you refuse my offer’ Ø He has asked me twice why I refused his offer

REPORTING IMPERATIVES Ø Direct: Study your lessons regularly Ø Indirect: The teacher told us to study our…. Ø Direct: Don’t try to cheat during the exam. Ø Indirect: The teacher warned us not to cheat in the exam.

Ø Direct: Don’t play with the matches. Ø Indirect: I warned my son not to play with the matches. Ø Direct: Don’t use my car again. Ø Indirect: My father ordered me not use his car again. Ø >OR: My father forbade me to use his car.

Direct: Don’t forget to phone Ann later today Ø Indirect: Sue reminded me not to forget to phone Ann later that day. Ø OR>Sue reminded me to phone…. . Ø Direct: Don’t hit the children Ø Indirect: His wife begged him not to hit the children. Ø Direct: Help me please with this heavy suitcase. Ø Indirect: An old lady requested me to help her…. Ø

Reported sp. mixed type Ø Statement + Statement Ex: ’I have to study hard or I will fail the test’ Ø She said that she had to study hard or she would fail the test Ø Ex: ’I liked the book but I didn’t like its film version much Ø She said that she had liked the book but she hadn’t liked its film version much. Ø

Ø Question + Question Ø Ex: ‘Why are you still at home? Does your lesson start later today? Ø My mother asked me why I was still at home and if my lesson started later that day.

Ø Question + Imperative / Imperative + Quesion Ex: ’Why are you still waiting? Start your work without delay Ø The boss asked the employees why they were still waiting and told them to start their work without delay. Ø Ex: ’Do it as I told you. Do you have any more questions? ’ Ø The manager told the secretary to do it as he had told her and asked if she had any more questions. Ø

Ø Statement + Question / Question + Statement Ex: ’It is very hot in here. Can I open the window? ’ Ø I said that it was very hot in there and asked if I could open the window. Ø Ex: ’What time is it? I don’t want to miss the news programme on TV. Ø She wantwd to know what time it was and said that she didn’t want to miss the news programme on TV. Ø

Ø Statement + Imperative / Imperative + Statement Ex: ’I am very keen on my freedom. Don’t interfere in my business’. Ø She told her parents that she was very keen on her freedom and told them not to interfere in her business. Ø Ex: ’Don’t involve me in this case. I don’t want to get into trouble. ’ Ø He told us not to involve him in that case and said that he didn’t want to get into trouble. Ø