REPORTED SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH What is it How

REPORTED SPEECH

REPORTED SPEECH What is it ? How do you use it? Where’s Tom? He said he was feeling ill. We use it when we want to tell another person about a conversation that took place in the past (e. g telephone call, news or a story that someone told us, etc. )

CHANGES FROM DIRECT TO REPORTED SPEECH: Verb Tense (when the Reporting Verb is in the Past Tense – most times) Personal Pronouns, Possessives (In a logical way, see every sentence) Demonstratives: This That These Those Time & Place Expressions

Verb Tense Changes: ' I know quite a lot of people here. ' Robert said. 'John is feeling much better ' Paul said. Present Simple Past Present Continuous Past Continuous ' I enjoyed my holiday in the States' David said. 'Jackie wasn´t feeling very well ' The teacher said. ' They‘ve seen the Eiffel Tower ' John said. ' I have been waiting for ages ' My father said. ' Nobody had warned them about the storm ' The politician said. ' She had been reading all day ' Brenda said. Simple Past Perfect Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Present Perfect Past Perfect Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect (No change) Past Perfect Continuous (No change) He said that he . . . . quite a lot of people there He said that John . . . . much better He said that he . . . . his holiday in the States He said that Jackie . . . very well He said that they . . . . the Eiffel Tower He said that he . . . . for ages He said that nobody . . about the storm She said that she . . . all day

' I will be here with you. ' Robert promised me. Future Simple Conditional Robert promised that he. . . . there with me 'John is going to study French ' Paul said. Be going to Was/Were going to Paul said that John . . . . to study French ' We can start the lesson' David said. Can Could David said that we . . . . start the lesson ' They may come home ' My husband said. May Might My husband said that they . . . come home ' You must be quiet in class ' The teacher told us. Must Had to ‘ I’ll see you later!’ She said. Will/ Shall Would The teacher told us that we . . . . be quiet in class She said that she ………. . … me later. MODAL VERBS:

Changes in Time and Place expressions: Time Place Now Ago Then Before here today that day This town/ garden. . . That town/ garden. . . tomorrow the following day OR the day after These cities/. . . Those cities/. . . yesterday the previous day OR the day before last week/ month/. . . the previous week/ month. . . OR the week before Next week / month/. . . The following week / month OR the week/ month after

REPORTING STATEMENTS Statements are Affirmative or Negative Sentences. We use a Reporting Verb + That (it can be omitted) + Subject + verb in Previous tense +. . . - “The students are tired”- said the teacher The teacher said (that) the students were tired. - “It’s the funniest show I’ve ever seen” -Joan told me (that) it was the funniest show she had ever seen. - “I’ll call you this afternoon” - Mary assured us (that) she would call us that afternoon.

Reporting Verbs: ADD ADMIT * ANSWER ARGUE ASSURE BOAST about * COMPLAIN to. . About * DENY * EXPLAIN GRUMBLE about * OBJECT to * OBSERVE POINT OUT PROMISE PROTEST against /about * REMARK REPLY * These verbs + ing The most common ones: TELL + I. O. and SAY Followed by THAT ( Remember it can be omitted!)

REPORTING QUESTIONS A) YES / NO QUESTIONS: Reporting Verb + If or whether + Subject + Verb +. . . (Order of Reported Question: Subject + Verb - as in Statements) “Are you working these days? ” he said. He asked if/whether I was working those days. (No Question Mark) “Did you speak to John last night? ” she asked She wanted to know if I had spoken to J, the night before.

B) WH- QUESTIONS: Reporting Verb + Question Word(s) + Subject + Verb (The Word Order is again the same as in Statements) “Where did you go last summer? ”. He asked me where I had gone the previous summer. “How long were you waiting for us? ” She wanted to know how long I had been waiting for them. Introductory verbs: ask, wonder, would like/ want to know, …

REPORTING COMMANDS (= ORDERS) The Imperative changes into (Not) To Infinitive: He said to us: “Stay here” He told us to stay there The Reporting Verb must indicate “order”: He said: “Don’t mention that” He told me not to mention that. “Say that again”, he said to me He asked me to say that again. Reporting Verbs: Tell, ask, beg, invite, warn, order, command, instruct, . . .

REPORTING SUGGESTIONS: We normally use suggest + gerund OR suggest that + Clause • Let’s, why don’t we, shall we, why not… are omitted: “Let’s go to theatre” “Why don’t we go to theatre? ” “Shall we go to theatre? ” She suggested going to theatre She suggested that we (should) go to theatre “Let’s not argue again, ” he said. He suggested not arguing again He suggested that they should not argue again.

REPORTING REQUESTS We use these Reporting Verbs: beg, ask, demand, request + (not) to (they usually take an Indirect Object) The word “please” is omitted. “Can I go out tonight, mum, please? ” The boy begged to go out that night. “John, don’t open the window, please” I said I asked /requested/begged John not to open the window. “Can you let me use your phone, please? ” I asked my neighbour to let me use her phone. “Can I use your phone? ” I asked my neighbour if I could use her phone OR To use her phone

Other Verbs & Structures: Agree, refuse, offer, promise, threaten + To Infinitive: Ann: Would you wait half an hour? Tom: All right Tom agreed to wait half an hour. Chris: Would you lend me another € 50? David: No, I won´t lend you any more money David refused. . . Accuse of, admit, apologize for, deny, insist on + Gerund You took my money! He accused her of. . . I didn’t steal it! He denied. . . I am sorry I’m late She apologized for. . . Let me pay, please She insisted on. . .