REPORTED SPEECH ESTILO INDIRECTO INTRODUCTION USE when we

REPORTED SPEECH ESTILO INDIRECTO

INTRODUCTION • USE: when we want to repeat what another person has said we have two ways of doing it. : 1º We can repeat her/ his exact words, using the direct speech. In this case we use quotation marks: “I’m exhausted” she said. 2ºWe can use the reported speech, in this second case we don’t repeat the exact words but we keep

INTRODUCTION II • the same meaning. We don’t use quotation marks and we can either use the word that after the introductory verb (say, tell, etc) or we can omit it. e. g. : She said she was exhausted e. g. I’m very happy Direct speech: the baby said: “I’m very happy. ” Reported speech: the baby said (that) he was happy

Reported Statements 1. Say /tell: we can use the verbs tell and say in direct and indirect speech. Tell is always followed by a personal pronoun (told me/ him) Say is used with or without a personal object. When used with a personal object it is always followed by the preposition to e. g. He said; “I’m Ted” He said he was Ted

STATEMENTS II Eg. He said to me: “I’m Ted”. He said to me he was Ted. He told me: “I’m Ted”. He told me he was Ted. Though say and tell are very much used in reported speech there are more verbs that can be used and that we’ll explain later (complain, add, reply etc)

STATEMENTS III • But let’s see now the changes that take place in statements in reported speech: Let’s have a look to this sentence: “I’m very tired today” He said (direct speech) He said that he was very tired that day. As we can see the personal pronoun has changed to a third person, the verb has changed to its

Statements Correspondent past tense and the adverb of time has also changed. 1º Personal pronouns, possessive adjectives or possessive pronouns change from the 1 st person to the third one ( or from the second to the 1 st depending on the meaning) “ You are very tired today” He said that I was very tired/ He said that he was very tired.

More changes 2º verbs: verbal tenses normally change into their correspondent past tense. That is: Simple present. . . Simple past Present continuous. . Past continuous. Present Perfect. . . Past Perfect Past simple. . . . . Past perfect Past continuous. . . . Past perfect continuous

Verb changes • Future. . . . conditional (would + Inf) Modal verbs: Can. . . . Could May. . . . Might Shall. . . Should Must. . . . had to The verb tenses remain the same in reported

No change in verbs speech when we report a general truth or law of nature: e. g. “The sun sets in the west” the teacher said. The teacher said that the sun sets in the west. • When the introductory verb is in the present

No change in verbs. e. g. The singer says: “I enjoy skiing” The singer says that he enjoys skiing 3º Time expressions and certain words change according to the meaning of the sentence:

Expressions of time • Now. . . then, at that time. • Today, tonight. . . that day, that night • Yesterday. . the day before/ previous day • Tomorrow. . the next day, the following day. • This week. . . that week

Changes in time expressions • Last week. . . the week before, previous week. • Next week. . the week after, the following week • Two days ago. . two days before • Here. . . . . there • Come. . . . . go

PRACTICE • Now turn the following sentences into reported speech: 1. Robin said: “ These biscuits taste delicious” 2. “I can’t see you this afternoon because I’ve got a lot to do” Ann told me. 3. “Those were good times for my family” Jack said.

More Practice 4. “You mustn’t do that again” Mum said to Bob. 5. Jill said: “I’ll go to the bank tomorrow” 6. “I haven’t spoken to Mary since last week” Gloria said. 7. “My mother is coming to visit us” I said. 8. “Sorry, I can’t meet you because I’m very busy” She said.

REPORTED QUESTIONS 1º Reported questions are usually introduced with the verbs: ask, inquire, wonder or the expression want to know. 2º When the direct question begins with a question word (who, where, how old, how long etc) the reported question is introduced with the same question word. And then we put the subject and the verb changed like in statements.

Wh-questions Eg. “What do you want to know? ” she asked me. She asked me what I wanted to know. “What are you studying? ” Sam asked her what she was studying 3º When the direct question begins with an auxiliary (is, do, have ) or modal verb (can, may etc) then the reported question begins

If- questions with if or whether. e. g. “Have you ever seen a wolf before? ” he asked me. He asked me if / whether I had seen a wolf before. The question marks and words or expressions such as please, well, oh etc are omitted.

If-questions e. g. “Can you hold the door for me, please? The man asked me if /whether I could hold the door for him. Practise now: 1. “Where are you from? ” Marlon asked us 2. “Is your hotel near here? He asked.

Practice 3. “When will you decorate the kitchen? ” Martha asked. 4. “Do you like London? ” He asked me. 5. Father asked, “Will you help me lift these boxes, please? 6. “Who broke my vase? ” I asked. 7. “Have you visited Buckingham Palace this week? ” Marion wanted to know.

Commands/ requests/ suggestions/ warns • To report commands or instructions in reported speech, we use the introductory verb order or tell+ sb +(not)+ to- infinitive E. g. “Put the gun down!” He ordered him to put the gun down “Don’t look down! He said to us He told us not to look down

Orders / suggestions “Be careful, children the storm is very strong”. Her mother said. She warned her children to be careful with the storm To report request, we use the introductory verbs ask or beg + sb + (not) to-infinitive. “Help, me , please”John said to Tom John asked Tom to help him. “Please, don’t call the police!”He said to Colin. He begged Colin not to call the police.

SUGGESTIONS • To report suggestions we can use: 1º The introductory verb suggest+ -ing form 2º The introductory verb suggest + that sb + should + bare infinitive. “Let’s go outside!” I said to them I suggested going outside/ that we should go outside.

Other introductory verbs • Other introductory verbs that are followed by the to-infinitive construction are : Agree offer promise refuse threaten advise Invite e. g. “Yes, I’ll give you a lift”. She said She agreed to give me a lift. e. g. “Shall I carry the boxes? ” He said. He offered to carry me the boxes.

Introductory verbs • Other examples: “No, I won’t buy you a car”. He said. She refused to buy me a car. “Stop talking or I’ll send you out!” The teacher said. The teacher threatened to send me out.

Introductory verbs + that clause • Other verbs are complain , deny, explain, remark, promise. They are followed by a that clause. : • “You are always late” She said. She complained that I was always late. “It’s a difficult situation” he said She explained that it was a difficult situation

Verbs + ing • Some verbs in reported speech are followed by –ing form: apologise for, admit, accuse someone of, insist on: e. g. “You cheated in the exam” He said. He accused me of cheating on the exam. e. g. “You’re right. I have got late for work. ” I said He admitted being late for work.

More Practice Why do you have those ridiculous antlers? Shut up, ball of hair! The chempanzee asked. . . . . And the hare. . .