Report on Philippine Maize Germplasm Program IMGRAC Meeting

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Report on Philippine Maize Germplasm Program IMGRAC Meeting 17 Feb 2016 CIMMYT Mexico by

Report on Philippine Maize Germplasm Program IMGRAC Meeting 17 Feb 2016 CIMMYT Mexico by Artemio M. Salazar Institute of Plant Breeding (IPB), University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB)

Research focus in relation to maize genetic resources

Research focus in relation to maize genetic resources

Corn in the Philippines was theorized to have come from Mexico during galleon trade

Corn in the Philippines was theorized to have come from Mexico during galleon trade between Manila and Acapulco in the 16 th century. With almost 500 years and 2 cropping seasons/year, the opportunity for generating genetic diversity is tremendous. About 300, 000 has are planted to native varieties.

Corn Germplasm Utilization through Advanced R&D (CGUARD) was started last 2014

Corn Germplasm Utilization through Advanced R&D (CGUARD) was started last 2014

CGUARD Objective and R&D Projects q Conserve previous and still existing native corn varieties

CGUARD Objective and R&D Projects q Conserve previous and still existing native corn varieties in corn farming communities (concern of contamination with GMOs) a. Collecting and Characterizing Philippine Native and Traditional Varieties in the Regions b. Plant Genetic Resources Conservation and Management of Local, Native and Traditional Corn Germplasm c. Establishment of a Backup Germplasm Conservation Facility d. Establishment of a National Native Corn Database

CGUARD Objective and R&D Projects q Develop breeding materials using native germplasm a. Development

CGUARD Objective and R&D Projects q Develop breeding materials using native germplasm a. Development of Breeding Populations as Sources of Resistance to Different Biotic and Abiotic Stresses b. Native Corn As Sources of Resistance to the Asian Corn Borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenee), and Post-Harvest Insect Pests for Crop Improvement Work and Pest Management Options c. Resistance of Corn Germplasm to Downy Mildew and Bacterial Stalk Rot d. Evaluation of Philippine Corn Germplasm Collection for Tolerance to Selected Abiotic Stresses (drought, water logging, acidity, salinity) e. Improving Yield Potential of Native Corn Varieties using Elite Corn Populations

CGUARD Objective and R&D Projects q Determine the genes responsible for different unique traits

CGUARD Objective and R&D Projects q Determine the genes responsible for different unique traits in native varieties a. Genomics-Assisted Characterization of Philippine Corn Landraces Towards Molecular Breeding and Nutraceutical Discovery

Framework for Corn Germplasm Utilization thru Advanced R&D (CGUARD) A. Collections from Different Regions:

Framework for Corn Germplasm Utilization thru Advanced R&D (CGUARD) A. Collections from Different Regions: Characterization and Conservation Screening for Reaction to Climate Change Factors B. Disease resistance C. Insect pest resistance D. Drought tolerance E. Water logging Tolerance F. Extreme p. H tolerance G. Development and Improvement for Resistance to Biotic (Diseases and Insect Pests) and Abiotic Stresses (Drought, Water Logging and Extreme p. H) H. Identification of genes responsible for the special traits I. Utilization of these genetic materials in development and commercialization of high yielding and stress resistant opvs and hybrids

q Conserve previous and still existing native corn varieties in corn farming communities Collection

q Conserve previous and still existing native corn varieties in corn farming communities Collection in Regions CAR, 1, 2, 3, 4 A, 4 B & 5 Collection in Region 6, 7&8 Collection in Regions 9, 10, 11, 12, 13&ARMM Existing Collections by NPGRL Regional Monitoring (Luzon, Visayas & Mindanao) by NPGRL & BPI Repositories in Luzon (NPGRL & BPI) and Mindanao

 • After 2 years of screening for those traits , were able to

• After 2 years of screening for those traits , were able to identify promising accessions

 What are the main sources of the genetic diversity in your research? •

What are the main sources of the genetic diversity in your research? • The native varieties in the Philippines. According to our gene bank, they have a 1, 300 accessions composed of local materials and accessions from other countries mainly through CIMMYT.

What is your experience with accessing germplasm from genebanks or other collection holders? •

What is your experience with accessing germplasm from genebanks or other collection holders? • Our only source so far is CIMMYT and the response has always been favorable. We haven’t tried officially requesting from other international and national germplasm banks. • As a client of our own gene bank, we get very limited quantity of seeds. The present stock in our gene bank (duplicated in CIMMYT) could be a precious resource because they were collected before the advent of GMOs (Bt and RR)

 Are there significant gaps in the collections? Who is best placed to address

Are there significant gaps in the collections? Who is best placed to address these gaps? • Locally, we believe we haven’t covered the areas where native varieities abound because most of these areas have peace and order problem. • If new disease comes in, like lethal necrosis, then we don’t know if we have the resistant germplasm • For al theses concerns, we look up to CIMMYT

What are the main issues for conservation in the future for the genebanks? •

What are the main issues for conservation in the future for the genebanks? • There should be concrete mechanism for utilization of the collection as the local funding institution easily experience ‘fatigue’ with programs anchored on conservation. We had a supposedly 5 -year program then but was cut to 2 when no results useful to the farmers were reported. The issue of breeders being involved in this. • The issue how free or strict are we in sharing our own genetic materials. The impression is that many programs have been very protective

What are the main issues for users of the collection in the future? •

What are the main issues for users of the collection in the future? • Formulation of short term and at most medium term programs with germplasm people towards utilization. Protocols on seed quantity collected and shared would have to be reviewed • Adoption of database management system (line GRIN Global) for efficient record keeping and tracking that could be shared with other gene banks

THANK YOU

THANK YOU