Repeatability of Anterior and Posterior Corneal Higher Order

Repeatability of Anterior and Posterior Corneal Higher- Order Aberrations in 4 mm, 6 mm and 8 mm diameters measured by Pentacam System Jadwiga Wojtowicz MD, Orkun Muftuoglu MD, Engy Mohamed MD, V. Vinod Mootha MD, R. Wayne Bowman MD, H. Dwight Cavanagh MD, James P. Mc. Culley MD, FRCOphth. UT Southwestern Medical Center. Department of Ophthalmology. Aston Ophthalmology Clinic, Dallas, TX. Financial Disclosure for all authors: *JPM: Consultant for Alcon Inc. (Fort Worth, TX) *JW, OM, EM, VM, DC: none Acknowledgements: Supported in part by an unrestricted research grant from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc. , New York

INTRODUCTION • Eye aberrations plays a role in degrading retinal image quality. • The distribution of the optical higher-order aberrations (HOAs) of the 1 anterior and posterior cornea are essential for understanding the physiological optics of the eye and enhanced the outcomes of wavefront-guided therapies. • It is well known that pupil diameter aperture changes influence HOAs. • Evaluating the intra-subject variability of anterior and posterior corneal 2 HOAs at different pupil diameter areas with Pentacam will allow us: – To evaluate corneal HOAs distribution in normal subjects. – The variability of repeated scans measured with the Pentacam system. 1. Liang J, Williams DR. Aberrations and retinal image quality of the normal human eye. J Opt Soc Am A 1997; 14: 28732883 2. Buhren J, Kuhne C, Kohnen T. Influence of pupil and optical zone diameter on higher-order aberrations after wavefrontguidede myopic LASIK. J Catract Refract Surg 2005; 31: 2272 -80

METHODS • Scheimpflug system (Pentacam Oculus, Inc. ) was used to measure HOAs. • Inclusion criteria: no symptoms or signs of ocular disease, other than refractive error, detected by history, slit lamp examination and fundoscopy • Exclusion criteria: • Dry eye patients • Non-contact lens wearers • Retinal disease • Any systemic disease, the use of any eye-drops or oral medication that might affect the ocular surface. • Six consecutive measurements were performed in each subject in both eyes in one visit by the same operator. • The parameters analyzed were Zernike coefficients from 3 rd to 8 th orders from anterior and posterior cornea within a 4 mm, 6 mm and 8 mm diameter pupil area.

METHODS Statistical Analysis • Sigma. Stat 2. 03 Software (Systat Software Inc, Richmond, California, USA) was used. • To study the intra-subject reproducibility of ocular HOA, SD and coefficient of variation (CV= SD/mean) were calculated.

RESULTS The study group consisted of 50 eyes from 25 normal subjects (13 females and 7 males). The mean age was 31 + 8 years Coefficient of variation (CV) of Corneal HOA Anterior Posterior Corneal 8 mm 6 mm 4 mm 8 mm HOA 6 mm 4 mm Spherical 2. 1 8. 5 13. 6 7 6. 5 12. 1 Coma 7. 3 12. 4 31. 7 9. 3 16. 3 35 Trefoil 21 23 32 22 28 35 CV expressed as % Among the different zernike terms generated by Pentacam, Spherical aberrations was the most repeatable

Mean and SD for absolute Zernike coefficients from anterior and posterior corneal HOAs for 8, 6 and 4 mm diameter pupil area. Anterior Posterior Zernike Mode 8 mm 6 mm 4 mm 8 mm 6 mm 4 mm Z 3 -1 0. 541± 0. 150 0. 304± 0. 094 0. 143± 0. 062 1. 057± 0. 579 0. 622± 0. 280 0. 399± 0. 216 Z 3 -3 0. 137± 0. 085 0. 134± 0. 83 0. 162± 0. 078 0. 487± 0. 277 0. 353± 0. 196 0. 350± 0. 173 Z 4 -0 1. 381± 0. 160 0. 551± 0. 102 0. 162± 0. 042 2. 640± 0. 633 1. 404± 0. 303 0. 503± 0. 114 Z 4 -2 0. 166 ± 0. 077 0. 109± 0. 059 0. 056± 0. 029 0. 562± 0. 258 0. 356± 0. 172± 0. 081 Z 4 -4 0. 140 ± 0. 101 0. 139± 0. 071 0. 087± 0. 037 0. 722± 0. 315 0. 594± 0. 225 0. 313± 0. 138 Z 5 -1 0. 052 ± 0. 029 0. 039± 0. 018 0. 013± 0. 006 0. 527± 0. 215 0. 185± 0. 119 0. 040± 0. 022 Z 5 -3 0. 130 ± 0. 061 0. 076± 0. 036 0. 022± 0. 010 0. 243± 0. 111 0. 155± 0. 078 0. 042± 0. 024 Z 5 -5 0. 113 ± 0. 037 0. 052± 0. 030 0. 015± 0. 009 0. 340 ± 0. 214 0. 210± 0. 146 0. 056± 0. 029 Z 6 -0 0. 034 ± 0. 022 0. 015± 0. 009 0. 002± 0. 001 0. 022± 0. 104 0. 099± 0. 052 0. 014± 0. 008 Z 6 -2 0. 060± 0. 030 0. 023± 0. 011 0. 004± 0. 002 0. 175± 0. 082 0. 089± 0. 039 0. 017± 0. 011 Z 6 -4 0. 102± 0. 037 0. 044± 0. 019 0. 008± 0. 003 0. 281± 0. 134 0. 130± 0. 071 0. 029± 0. 027 Z 6 -6 0. 089± 0. 063 0. 035± 0. 016 0. 006± 0. 003 0. 385± 0. 243 0. 163± 0. 104 0. 026± 0. 011

Pentacam image for anterior corneal HOAS

Pentacam image for posterior HOAS

CONCLUSIONS • Corneal higher-order aberrations between third and sixth order derived by Pentacam showed more repeatability for both anterior and posterior cornea. • Spherical HOAs showed higher repeatability than coma and trefoil. However Shankar et al , reported poor repeatability for HOAs measured with Pentacam, who exported the topographical maps to an external software for the analysis. 1 • More variability for Zernike polynomials was found within smaller measured zone. • The Zernike distribution in normal subjects for the posterior cornea showed greater values than the anterior cornea, with the exception of Z 4 -0 1. Shankar H, taranath D, Santhirathelagan Ch. T, Pesudovs K. Repeatability of corneal first-surface wavefront aberrations measured with Pentacam corneal topography. J. cataract Refract Surg. 2008; 34: 727 -734.