REPEAT BREEDING SYNDROME TANUVAS 2011 THE MOST VEXING
REPEAT BREEDING SYNDROME © TANUVAS, 2011
THE MOST VEXING PROBLEM FOR A VETERINARIAN! © TANUVAS, 2011
DEFINITION A repeat breeder cow is defined as one 1. That has been bred 3 or more times but not conceived 2. Has normal estrous cycle 3. Is free from palpable abnormality 4. Has no abnormal vaginal discharge 5. Has calved atleast once and 6. Is less than 10 years old © TANUVAS, 2011
ETIOLOGY FERTILIZATION FAILURE EARLY EMBRYONIC DEATH © TANUVAS, 2011
© TANUVAS, 2011
FERTILIZATION FAILURE ACCOUNTS FOR ABOUT 15 PER CENT OF REPRODUCTIVE WASTAGE IN NORMAL COWS. IN REPEAT BREEDER COWS THE FERTILIZATION FAILURE MAY BE HIGHER AROUND 28 -44 PER CENT. © TANUVAS, 2011
Fertilization failures may be due to Abnormalities in ovulation © TANUVAS, 2011 ü Anovulation ü Delayed ovulation 1. Defective ovum 2. Ageing of ovum- aged ova are viable only for few hours 3. Inability of sperm to fertilize ovum 1. Fertility of bull 2. High sperm abnormality 3. Low sperm motility 4. Inflammation of genital tract 5. Very early AI © TANUVAS, 2011
• • © TANUVAS, 2011 Inability of the gamates to reach one another due to congenital and acquired defects of the genital tract Congenital defects - segmental aplasia © TANUVAS, 2011
ACQUIRED DEFECTS - OVAROBURSAL ADHESIONS FAILURE OF OVA PICK-UP © TANUVAS, 2011
HYDROSALPHINX © TANUVAS, 2011
Cystic ovary • Follicular Cyst and Hydrosalpinx. © TANUVAS, 2011
TUBAL BLOCK- PSP DYE TEST © TANUVAS, 2011
EARLY EMBRYONIC DEATH 1. Accounts for 25% of reproductive wastage. 2. Major portion of embryonic death occurs between days 8 and 19 after breeding 3. Most embryo death occurs before the critical stage of pregnancy recognition and the cow will return to estrus at the normal 18 -25 days interval © TANUVAS, 2011
Early embryonic death may be due to Cytogenic abnormalities • Critical requirement for embryo survival is the presence of a normal complement of chromosomes. • Chromosomal aberrations-abnormal karyotypes play a role in early embryo loss © TANUVAS, 2011
Unfavourable uterine environment Uterine environment can be affected by – Nutrition – Age of dam Ambient temperature Hormonal imbalance Infections • Rectal examination • Vaginal speculum • White side test • Endometrial cytology • Endometrial biopsy © TANUVAS, 2011
Repeat breeding-Treatment Bring the animal into +ve balance – Additional concentrate , greens – Mineral supplemen Check the semen quality. Use only high quality semen © TANUVAS, 2011
TREATMENT Timing of AI Spin Brackiet test Repeat AI © TANUVAS, 2011
Delayed ovulation • Estrus length -6 -24 hrs – Shorter in indigenous – Longer in exotic – Prolonged Estrus © TANUVAS, 2011
TREATMENT © TANUVAS, 2011 1. 100 g of Gn. RH (20 g of Gn. RH analouge) OR 1000 -1500 IU of LH at the time of AI 2. 500 mg of depot progesterone on 5 th day after AI or 1000 -1500 IU of LH/Gn. RH on 6 th day of cycle 3. Skip AI, adm. PGF 2 after 9 -10 days and do fixed time AI at 72 and 96 hrs 4. CIDR, ear implant or PRID application and fixed time AI twice at 48 and 72 hours © TANUVAS, 2011
PROSTAGLANDINS • Prostaglandin F 2 a and its analogues • Cause functional and morphological regression of CL • Estrus two to three days following inj. © TANUVAS, 2011
Approx. 12 days Functional CL 21 estrous Day 21 Day Estrous Cyclecycle Approx. 4 -5 Days Dev. CL © TANUVAS, 2011 Approx. 4 -5 Days Reg. CL © TANUVAS, 2011
PRODUCTS • • Cloprostenol (Estrumate) - synthetic analog. Dinoprost tromethamine (Lutalyse) - synthetic PG F 2 similar to the natural product in the body. Tiaprost (illiren) – synthetic analogue ADMINISTRATION Intra muscular route – Natural PGF 2 - 25 mg – Synthetic analog - 0. 5 mg • Intra vulval sub mucosal route – Natural PGF 2 - 10 mg – Synthetic analog - 0. 2 mg • Both routes are effective and have been found to give good conception rate. • © TANUVAS, 2011
The Ovsynch protocol D 7 D 0 Gn. RH PGF 2 7 d Induced ovulation New follicle growth D 9 Gn. RH D 10 AI 2 d CL regression and Follicle maturation Synchronized Ovulation Gn. RH-Receptal -2. 5 ml or 10µg I/M PGF 2 -Lutalyse – 5 ml or 25 mg I/M © TANUVAS, 2011
Conclusions • Control of uterine infections • Correct negative energy balance • Correct timing of Aritificial insemination • Assure quality of semen © TANUVAS, 2011
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