Renewable replaced If all natural resources are provided

Renewable: replaced If all natural resources are provided by nature, why aren’t they all considered “renewable”? through natural process (replenishing) Diamonds Living Things “Mining: Discoveries for Progress” Nonrenewable: exhaustible, extracted faster than they are formed (nonreplenishing)

Environment Impact of Population Shifts Which country may see the greatest impact on natural resources in 2050? 1. How do population shifts affect the demands for natural resources (freshwater, soil, trees)? i. e. Everglades 2. How do population shifts negatively contribute to environmental changes in land, air and water and nutrient depletion?

How will the continuing population growth affect Earth’s natural resources? What do you think would explain the drastic population growth in the year 2000?

How may the impact of human activity affect each of these areas?

The Human Factor: Review with your partner. 1. How is Earth’s growing population affecting the need for natural resources? 2. What are the cumulative ecological effects of an increasing population on acid rain; global warming and ozone depletion? 3. How do shifts in populations affect topsoil, vegetation, erosion, water and air quality?

Which of our natural resources do we use for energy?

Energy helps in powering business, manufacturing and transportation of goods and services. Energy comes in different forms heat, light, thermal, mechanical, electrical, chemical and nuclear energy. (Coach lesson #7) Energy sources from which we gain energy are classified broadly into 2 groups: Renewable and Non-Renewable

Coach lesson #8

nuclear power

1. How did the U. S. dependency on non-renewable energy change from 1949 - 2007? 2. During what year was there the greatest increase in use of nonrenewable energy? 3. What may explain the drastic increase between 1995 – 2007? 4. What “non-renewable” sources of energy may have been used during this time?

Natural resources such as coal, petroleum (crude oil) and natural gas take thousands of years to form naturally and cannot be replaced as fast as they are being consumed. Eventually fossil-based resources will become too costly to harvest and humanity will need to shift its reliance to other sources of energy. At present, the main energy source used by humans is non-renewable fossil fuels. See “non-renewable resources with explanations/images”.

Fossil Fuels Coal Oil Natural Gas Why are coal, oil and natural gas called “fossil fuels”?

How do fossil fuels form? (Crude Oil)

Coal Formation “Balancing Needs: Coal and the Environment” How are the processes of natural gas, oil and coal formation similar?

What are the advantages & disadvantages of coal as an energy source? Sulfur and CO 2 emissions contribute to global warming. See coal samples.

Advantages of using coal to produce electricity: - affordable energy source because of the coal’s stable price easy to burn produces high energy upon combustion energy is inexpensive Coal is abundant. Coal energy is a reliable energy source. Disadvantages of using coal to produce electricity: - energy produces large amount of CO 2 leading to global warming and climate change - not environmental friendly, produces harmful byproducts and gas emissions (sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide) causing pollution to the environment including acid rain - Coal energy is nonrenewable energy source - Coal is fast depleting because we consume too much of it - Coal mining may ruin the environment and put the lives of people especially the coal miners in danger.

The environmental group Greenpeace flew a 135 -foot airship past the coal-fired Marshall Steam Station on Lake Norman (Asheville), carrying signs urging Duke Energy to adopt cleaner energy practices.

What are the advantages of onshore vs. offshore drilling?

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using crude oil as an energy source?

Products Made From Petroleum (See list of products made from petroleum. )

Hydrocarbon Fuels from Crude Oil refinery: Cracking Tower The burning of oil and coal are linked to acid rain, ozone depletion and global warming. • Most fuels in combustion reactions are hydrocarbons, and here a few common examples: • methane (a major component of natural gas), CH 4 • propane (like for gas grills), C 3 H 8 • butane (lighter fluid), C 4 H 10 • octane (major component of gasoline), C 8 H 18 • ethanol (gasoline additive), C 2 H 5 OH • Coal, oil and natural gas are all hydrocarbon-based fossil fuels. • These are typically mixtures of hydrocarbons that require separation. ** What “elements” are in hydrocarbons?

Pros & Cons of using Crude Oil Pros • • Affordable Readily available Efficient Generates less CO 2 than coal when burned Cons • Produces CO 2 when burned (linked to global warming and ozone depletion) Limited supply Rising fuel costs Rising cost of extraction Oil extraction can damage the environment • Transportation in tanker ships have caused accidents (environmental) • Dependency on other countries for oil • •

Natural Gas Drilling Wells This illustration is typical of how an oil and gas reservoir is shown in a science textbook. Although it shows the concept correctly, reservoirs are always a lot deeper than this one and that makes them hard to find, hard to hit and difficult to develop. Drilling a hole in the earth thousands of feet deep, cementing steel casing in it, perforating it precisely in the right spot and outfitting it to bring that precious hydrocarbon to the surface is no walk in the park.

What is “fracking”? Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, involves cracking rock formations by pumping fluid into wells at high pressure, forcing oil or gas out of the rock.

Drilling vs Fracturing

Pros & Cons of using Natural Gas Advantages - more environment friendly than oil or coal, produces less emissions; for the same amount of heat it emits 30% less carbon dioxide than burning oil, and 45% less carbon dioxide than burning coal - Is less expensive than gasoline and therefore cost-effective. - Can be safely stored and burned. - The process of easily transporting natural gas over land through pipelines or over water bodies in the form of LNG (Liquid Natural Gas) is an added pro - it doesn't require high costs. - Most of its natural reserves are still underutilized. - Emits 60 -90% less smog-producing pollutants. - Due to the clean burning process, it doesn't produce ash after energy is released. Disadvantages - Its availability is finite. - Critics point out that its extraction leaves large craters within the earth. - Is highly volatile (highly flammable), and can be dangerous if handled carelessly. - In gas pipelines, a substance that has a strong odor is added to help detect a leak. Natural gas is the most common cause of carbon monoxide deaths. - Constructing and managing transportation pipelines costs a lot. - While it may give off less CO 2 than other sources of energy, it is nonetheless damaging the ecosystem. “Natural Gas Vehicles The Road to Clean Air” 11: 50 min.

Increased CO 2 is linked to global warming. municipal solid waste (MSW) combustors (also called Waste to Energy plants)

The History Channel “A Global Warning? 94 min.

• A chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) is an organic compound that contains only carbon, chlorine, and fluorine, produced as a volatile derivative of methane, and propane.

The Effects of Ozone Depletion 1. CFCs released 2. CFCs rise into ozone layer 3. UV releases Cl from CFCs 4. Cl destroys ozone 5. Depleted ozone = more UV 6. More UV = more negative consequences

u Increase in global temperatures = h coastal water levels and h water temperatures

http: //abcnews. go. com/This. Week/video/safe-nuclear-power-plant-13187500 “How Safe is the Nuclear Power Plant Near You” 5: 04 min What are the pros & cons?

Pros & Cons of Nuclear Power http: //terry-eng 35. blogspot. com/2012/05/electricity-production. html From the poster, determine which items are pros and which are cons. - Uranium depletion Unsustainable Available technology Meltdowns Low CO 2 Radioactive Waste Reliable energy source High risk Slow construction Powerful (Record your answers on your study guide. )

Renewable Energy Sources Except for Biomass

Hydroelectric Energy (Renewable)

http: //www. schooltube. com/video/3816 ffe 2 cccc 49 dabb 99/How%20 Hydropower%20 Works%20(Hydroelectricity ) “How Hydropower Works” 2: 10 min. What are the pros & cons?

http: //www. history. com/topics/us-states/idaho/videos/engineering-disasters-teton-dam 3: 00 min.

What do hydropower, nuclear, wind power, coal power have in common?

Biomass is any material made by plants and animals that we can convert into energy. Biomass has energy stored in it from the sun. Plants get energy from the sun through a process called photosynthesis. Animals get their energy indirectly from the sun by eating plants. What do you think are the pros & cons?

Biomass Pros & Cons ADVANTAGES 1. can be used for fuels, power production and products that would otherwise be made from fossil fuels. 2. does not add as much CO 2 to the atmosphere 3. can be used to generate electricity with the same equipment or power plants that are now burning fossil fuels. 4. It is sensible to use waste products where we can. 5. Biomass fuel generally tends to be cheap. 6. places less demand on the Earth's resources 7. has the potential to greatly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. 8. can reduce dependence on foreign oil. 1. 2. 3. 4. DISADVANTAGES Collecting sufficient quantities of waste can be difficult. Burning the fuel creates greenhouse gases, although only a very little. Certain materials aren't always available. Materials used to produce fuel (i. e. corn) may decrease the amount available to humans for consumption, agriculture, etc.

Solar Energy

What do you think are the pros & cons?

Solar Energy Pros & Cons

Wind Power • W What are the pros & cons? WHAT IS WIND POWER? • Wind power is when we convert the power of the wind, physical energy, to more useful types of energy. The most common type of energy it is converted to is electricity. • A wind farm is a large area of land on which there a number of wind turbines generating electricity, as a power plant does. When creating a wind farm one must make sure that the spacing between the turbine is sufficient as not to cause energy/wind loss. HOW DOES IT WORK? • The most common type of energy generated from wind is electrical energy. This is by making the use of an electrical generator which is turned by turbine blades which are turned by the wind and thereby turning the turbine, creating electricity.

Wind Power Pros & Cons 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. ADVANTAGES free and in abundance The costs for wind turbines are only initial costs; once the turbine is built there are minimal maintenance costs which are involved. In the rural areas which are not connected to a country's power grid it can be used to generate its own power. The space which a wind turbine takes up on land is very small as the moving parts are quite a distance above the ground. Wind turbines produce energy with minimal damage to the world’s environment and produces "clean power". DISADVANTAGES Some pollutants are indirectly given off into the atmosphere in the creation of a wind turbine. Wind turbines can be quite noisy. The wind speed is not constant and therefore there will not always be a definite supply of electricity from a wind turbine. Large numbers of wind turbines are needed to power towns, as the largest turbine is able to produce electricity to sustain only +/- 500 homes. Many people feel that wind turbines are unsightly. Birds are sometimes killed when they fly into the wind turbine blades.

Geothermal Energy Geothermal energy is produced by drilling a well into the ground where thermal activity is occurring. Once a well has been identified and a well head attached, the steam is separated from the water, the water is diverted through a turbine engine which turns a generator. Usually the water is injected back into the ground to resupply the geothermal source.

Pros & Cons of Geothermal Energy - Pros of Geothermal Energy generally considered environmentally friendly and does not cause significant amounts of pollution. reservoirs are naturally replenished and therefore renewable (it is not possible to deplete the resources). Great for heating and cooling – even small households can benefit. Harnessing geothermal energy does not involve any fuels, which means less cost fluctuations and stable electricity prices. Small footprint on land – can be built partially underground. available everywhere, although only some resources are profitably exploitable. Cons of Geothermal Energy Geothermal power plants can in extreme cases cause earthquakes. heavy upfront costs associated Very location specific (most resources are simply not cost-competitive). Geothermal power is only sustainable (renewable) if the reservoirs are properly managed.

1. In 2008, what was the #1 source of energy? 2. Which source was used the least? 3. Of the renewable energy used, which type was used the most? The least?

Coach lesson #9: “Using and Conserving Energy Resources” The 3 Rs of Conservation:

Energy Resources Scavenger Hunt How many of things can you identify that relate to energy? This includes, energy conservation, energy resources, etc.

Conservation… what does it mean? 1. What can humans do to conserve our natural resources? 2. How do “population shifts” affect the use of natural resources? 3. What is the relationship between environmental pollution and energy use? 4. How does pollution have a “cumulative ecological effect” on the environment? 5. What is the relationship between the “Industrial Revolution” and pollution?

Find the resources and conservation (stewardship) practices.