Renewable Energy Based Hydrogen Production Presented By H

Renewable Energy Based Hydrogen Production Presented By: H 2 Generation Client: Dr. Tom Acker 9/15/2020 1

Team Members: Joshua Spear – Team Leader Robert Burke – Team Mediator Ryan Hirschi – Financial Officer Andrew Boone – Secretary/Webpage 9/15/2020 H 2 Generation Systems -- 2

Presentation Overview n. Client description n. Problem n. H 2 description Generation’s Deliverables n. System Component Layout n. Individual System Design n. Conclusion 9/15/2020 3

The Client n n Ø Dr. Thomas Acker Professor of Mechanical Engineering Northern Arizona University Coordinator of the Renewable Energies Resource Center http: //www. cet. nau. edu/Projects/RERC/ 9/15/2020 4

Is there an Alternative ? “With a new national commitment, our scientists and engineers will overcome obstacles to taking these cars from laboratory to showroom, so that the first car driven by a child born today could be powered by hydrogen, and pollutionfree. ” President George W. Bush 2003 State of the Union Address 9/15/2020 5

Problem Statement n Create a renewable energy based hydrogen generation station. n Client Requirements: Ø Use existing renewable energy sources to produce hydrogen gas. Ø Hydrogen must be produced using water collected on site. Ø Hydrogen must be stored in a manner available to fuel a vehicle. 9/15/2020 6

Additional Design Criteria Hydrogen use in internal combustion Ø Purity of 99% Ø http: //www. homepower. com/files/Hp 67 p 42. pdf n Hydrogen use in fuel cell technology Purity of 99. 999% Ø USCAR (United States Council for Automotive Research) Ø Ø http: //www. uscar. org/Media/2002 issue 2/hydrogen. htm 9/15/2020 7

H 2 Generation Deliverables: n System design incorporating: Ø Specified Design Thermodynamic analysis Maintenance cycles Simulation Website n Proof of concept model: Ø Design and construct Ø Ø 9/15/2020 8

Project Milestones n 3 - Model Delivered 4/21/03 n 4 - Finalized Design 4/21/03 n 5 - Capstone Presentation 4/25/03 n 6 - Final Report Due 5/5/03 9/15/2020 9

Design Budget n Approximately $1000 Acquiring resource materials for use in design (books, software, etc. ) Ø Document construction (paper, copies, etc. ) Ø Model construction (electrolyzer, tubes, etc. ) Ø 9/15/2020 10

Design Philosophy Success Through Division & Simplification. H 2 Generation has… Broken down the large scale design of a hydrogen generation station into manageable components. Components will then be individually analyzed for safety, environmental issues maintainability, and cost. 9/15/2020 11

Proposed Project Components H 20 Collection and Treatment Oxygen Gas ENERGY WATER Layout of Major System Components ENERGY Electrolysis of H 20 REACTION: H 20 + ENERGY H 2 + O 2 Power Generation and Storage of Compressed Hydrogen This diagram displays the major design components of the system. 9/15/2020 12

Water Collection And Treatment 9/15/2020 13

Water Collection and Treatment n Ø Ø Ø Design Constraints Amount of water required for electrolysis Flowrate required to keep up with electrolyzer Level of purity required by electrolyzer Conservative electric energy use Able to be automated through control system 9/15/2020 14

Water Collection and Treatment n Calculations Q: How much H 2 for 1 gal. of H 20? A: 1 gal of H 20 => 1300 gal. of H 2 gas Using mass ratio of hydrogen to water Q: Water flowrate of Electrolyzer? A: . 116 gal/Day Working backwards from flowrate of hydrogen Q: Amount of water needed per year? A: ~= 40 gallons per year 9/15/2020 Figuring out how much fuel is required for an assumed vehicle. (35 mpg traveling 600 miles per year) 15

Water Collection and Treatment System Design 9/15/2020 16

Water Collection and Treatment The Green Culture n 23192 Verdugo Dr. , Suite D Laguna Hills, CA 92653 http: //www. watersavers. com n Specifications Ø Size Dimensions: 32" H x 24" W Ø Capacity: 55 gallons Ø Weight: 18 lbs when empty Ø Composition: made from recycled materials “The Rain. Catcher” 9/15/2020 17

Water Collection and Storage “Gilmour 9100” Lawn Timer n Specifications Ø Removable electronics for easy programming Ø Swivel nut for easy connection to faucet Ø Low battery indicator - requires 4 AA Alkaline Ø Digital display indicates program http: //www. amazon. com http: //www. gilmour. com/ 9/15/2020 18

Water Collection and Treatment n “The Rainmaker” Sol. Aqua n Specifications Ø Size: 76 cm (30") x 122 cm (48") Ø Area: 0. 93 m 2 (10 ft 2) Ø Weight: 18. 2 kg (40 lbs) Ø Produces: 0. 528 gal. /day (winter) 1. 58 gal. /day (summer) P. O. Box 4976 El Paso, Texas 79914 -4976 http: //www. solaqua. com/index. html 9/15/2020 19

Water Collection and Treatment “ 55 gallon Water Barrel” n Specifications Ø Capacity: 57. 5 Gallons Actual Ø Weight: 24. 5 lbs. Ø Height: 35 1/2" Ø Top Diameter: 23 3/4“ Ø Frontier Survival 75 South Main Street Manti, UT 84642 Ø 2 - 3/4 inch openings for water pumps Material: High molecular weight polyethylene http: //www. frontiersurvival. com 9/15/2020 20

Water Collection and Treatment n Ø Ø Ø Summary of Design Benefits Two Stages of Water Storage-~1 year Supply Lawn Timer- Automates distiller Distiller provides excellent purity at acceptable rate No electrical draw (except lawn timer batteries) Solar Distiller wastes water, but water is in excess 9/15/2020 21

Water Collection and Treatment Cost Projection The Rain. Catcher $119. 50 Gilmore 9100 $26. 99 The Rainmaker $398 55 gallon Drum $29. 95 Misc. * Total= 9/15/2020 *Miscellaneous Parts: $50. 00 Ø Garden Hose $624. 44 Ø Fittings 22

Electrolyzer System Design H 2 Leak Detection 9/15/2020 23

Hydrogen Production n Design Constraints: Ø Hydrogen must be produced by electrolysis Volume of hydrogen generation is specified by distance traveled by car Ø Two system design layouts: Ø Ø Ø 1 Fuel cell technology @ 99. 999% 2 Internal combustion engine @ 99. 9% 9/15/2020 24

System Design I n n Ø Ø Ø Fuel Cell Implementation Packard Hydrogen Generator B 9800 Hydrogen purity at 99. 9999% Solid polymer electrolyte Inline valve for continuous water fill Output pressure 58 psig, with 72 L/h of H 2 production Cost: $19, 802. 00 http: //www. alltechweb. com/productinfo/technical/datasheets/90741 d. pdf 9/15/2020 25

Packard Hydrogen Generator B 9800 n n Hours to produce hydrogen: 7. 4 h/day Automatic shutoff Hydrogen leak detection Certified Safety: National Fire Protection Agency, and (OSHA 1910. 103 ) http: //www. alltechweb. com/productinfo/technical/datasheets/90741 d. pdf 9/15/2020 26

System I Total Cost Packard H 2 Generator Total= 9/15/2020 $19, 802. 00 27

System Design II n n Hydrogen for internal combustion system 3 PEM electrolyzers (Polymer-electrolyte membrane) n 2 Purification trains n Hydrogen leak detection 9/15/2020 28

Electrolyzer Selection n Ø Ø Ø Thermodine Systems Model HM 4200 Power: 6 Volt, 30 A/cm² H 2 production rate: 22. 7 L/h Delivery Pressure: 50 psig Gas purity: 99% Cost: $490. 00 http: //www. pege. org/greenwinds/electrolyzer. htm 9/15/2020 29

Purification Train n Ø Ø Ø H-ion Products: Delivery of H 2 purity: 99. 9% Delivery pressure: 58 psig Flowrate of H 2: 47 L/h * 2= 93 L/h Cost: $1750. 00 per unit http: //www. hionsolar. com/n-pt-3. htm 9/15/2020 30

Hydrogen Detection System Ø Ø Ø Ø LED display Analog output Two alarm set points Front panel reset switch Self testing Remote reset panel Plugable terminal blocks 9/15/2020 AFC International Inc. Gas Detection System 31

Detection Specifications n Power: 9 -15 V, 30 m. A max Hydrogen detection: 0 -10% in air Ø Explosion limits of H 2 in are 4% to 74% n http: //www. homepower. com/files/Hp 67 p 42. pdf Ø n n Automatic shutoff at selectable limits Explosion proof cast aluminum Cost: $1, 408. 00 9/15/2020 32

System II Total Cost HM 4800 H 2 Generator Purification Train $1, 470. 00 H 2 sensor $1, 408. 00 Total= $6, 378. 00 9/15/2020 $3, 500. 00 33

Hydrogen Storage 9/15/2020 34

Hydrogen Storage n Ø Design Constraint A vehicle requires about 4300 gallons of hydrogen gas to be collected to travel 50 miles per month. Design Decision The simplest and most economical method to store this much hydrogen is in a compressed gas cylinder. 9/15/2020 35

Hydrogen Storage n Ø Ø Necessary Components to compress hydrogen into a compressed gas cylinder: Propane Tank Gas Booster Air Compressor Compressed Gas Cylinder Cyl-Tec, Inc. http: //www. cyl-tec. com 9/15/2020 36

Hydrogen Storage System Design 9/15/2020 37

Hydrogen Storage n n Specifications Ø Dimensions: 9’ 11” L x 37” OD Ø Capacity: 4000 gallons H 2 gas Ø Pressure: 90 psi Ø Weight: 950 lbs American Welding & Tank http: //www. awtank. com Propane Tank 9/15/2020 38

Hydrogen Storage n Specifications Ø Dimensions: 24” L x 12” W x 12” H Ø Powered by: Air at 80 psi, 45 SCFM (minimum) Ø n Weight: 50 lbs Max. Pro Technologies http: //www. maxprotech. com Gas Booster 9/15/2020 39

Hydrogen Storage n n Specifications Ø Dimensions: 72” L x 28” W x 57” H Ø Power Usage: 15 hp (11. 2 k. W) Ø Weight: 1000 lbs Ingersoll-Rand http: //www. air. irco. com Air Compressor 9/15/2020 40

Hydrogen Storage n n Specifications Ø Dimensions: 51” H x 9” OD Ø Capacity: 2300 gallons H 2 gas Ø Pressure: 2200 psi Ø Weight: 115 lbs Cyl-Tec, Inc. Compressed Gas Cylinder http: //www. cyl-tec. com 9/15/2020 41

Hydrogen Storage n Ø Ø Ø Summary of Design Benefits Large propane tank allows for long-term hydrogen gas storage at low pressure Gas Booster can compress high-purity hydrogen gas System compresses hydrogen gas automatically 9/15/2020 42

Hydrogen Storage Cost Projection Propane Tank $716 Gas Booster $3, 500 Air Compressor $4, 461 *Other Parts: Gas Cylinder $148 Ø Other Parts* $100 Total = 9/15/2020 $8, 925 Pipes to connect components Ø Fittings/Adapters Ø Flashback Arrestors Ø Valves 43

Renewable Energy and Rainwater Availability 9/15/2020 44

Renewable Energies – Specifications and Analysis n. Sun – PV Cells ØRoof Ø 45 n. Wind of the “Solar Shack” Degree South array – Wind Turbines Ø 1. 5 k. W Bergey wind turbine n. Precipitation ØRoof 9/15/2020 – water collection of solar shack is used to collect water 45

PV Cells n. PV Cells have approx. 10% efficiency collecting the suns power ØExample: The sun produces 10 k. Wh/m², we will collect 1 k. Wh/m² n. NREL data collected from 1961 -1990 ØNational Renewable Energy Laboratory ØNREL’s data collection system accounted for location and angle of array 9/15/2020 46

PV Cells n. What about shading? ØShading n. Total factor of 15% power from PV Cells: Ø 13, 740 9/15/2020 k. Wh/year 47

Bergey Wind Turbine n. Betz’s Equation for approximate monthly power: n. Power = Cp [(½)(air density)(wind speed)³(swept area)] n. Variables: ØAir density for Flagstaff, AZ ØAverage ØSwept 9/15/2020 wind speeds from wrcc. dri. edu area of Bergey 1. 5 k. W – 7 m² 48

Bergey Wind Turbine n. Total power from wind: Ø 215 k. Wh/year n. Compare to Bergey information (based on annual average wind speed) Ø 200 9/15/2020 – 250 k. Wh/year 49

Renewable Power Monthly Break-Down n. Solar accounts for 98. 5% n. Wind accounts for 1. 5% 9/15/2020 50

Battery / Power Demand n. Battery n. Invert Bank – 6 Volts @ 460 Amp-hr to and supply 120 VAC n. Electrical demand – Electrolyzer, compressor and sensor/control devices 9/15/2020 51

Precipitation Analysis n. Area of collection: Roof of “Solar Shack” n. Precipitation averages include over 30 years of data n. Evaporation/Snow Ø 25% Adjustment factor: of precipitation lost n. Total water collection (for one year): Ø 8, 175 9/15/2020 gallons of water 52

Working Hours n Total Team Hours: 346 hours n Average teammate hours: 86. 5 hours 9/15/2020 53

Bill of Materials System #1 Water Collection and Treatment Electrolyzer $625 Hydrogen Storage Total: $8, 925 9/15/2020 $19, 802 $29, 352 System #2 Water Collection and Treatment Electrolyzer $625 Hydrogen Storage Total: $8, 925 $6, 325 $15, 875 54

Future Work… 9/15/2020 n Detailed thermodynamic analysis n Computer simulation n Small demonstration model n System maintenance manual n Additional control system components 55

Questions or Comments? 9/15/2020 56