Renewable energy and energy efficiency key areas of
Renewable energy and energy efficiency - key areas of the Fourth Energy Package Proposals for the Energy Efficiency and Energy Performance of Buildings Directives Mária Bartek-Lesi Senior Researcher, REKK Seminar in Sofia, Bulgaria 9 th March. 2018
Outline • Energy efficiency – progress in Europe • Main features of the proposal for a new EED directive (2012/27/EU) • Main features of the proposal for a new EPBD directive (2010/31/EU) • Energy efficiency of products: energy labelling and ecodesign (2010/30/EU and 2009/125/EC) 2
PROGRESS IN EUROPE 3
EU 28 – Primary energy consumption -1990 -2016 Ø Primary energy consumption decreased by 1. 7 %. Ø Consumption of solid fossil fuels decreased by 47 % and oil decreased by 12 % Ø consumption of renewables increased by 200 % Ø consumption of gaseous fuels increased by 31 % and nuclear energy by 6 %. Source: Eurostat 4
Distance to Europe 2020 target for primary energy consumption, EU-28 Source: Eurostat 5
EU 28 - Final energy consumption 1990 -2016 - - - Final energy consumption in 2015 was approximately at the same level as in 1990 In 2016 it was 2. 1 % above the 1990 level Consumption of solid fossil fuels decreased by 64 % and of heat sold decreased by 13 % Final energy consumption of renewables increased by 128 % and final consumption of electricity increased by 29 %. 6
Distance to Europe 2020 target for final energy consumption, EU-28 Source: Eurostat 7
Primary energy consumption and 2020 target by member state Source: Eurostat, REKK 8
Final energ consumption and 2020 target by member state Source: Eurostat, REKK 9
Energy intensity of the economy, 2005 and 2015 ktoe/ 1 000 EUR of GDP Source: Eurostat 10
DIRECTIVE 2012/27/EU ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY 11
Main objectives of the revision • Give Member States and investors a long term perspective to plan their policies and investments. • Trigger further end-use energy savings and attract private investment in energy efficiency. • Increase the empowerment of customers by providing more accurate information on their energy use. • Ensure that vulnerable households benefit from energy efficiency opportunities. • Contribute to the Union’s energy-related goals at a lowcost level. 12
Key features of the Energy Efficiency Directive 13
Measures related to sectors • Public sector: ‣ Articles 5 and 6 on exemplary role of public bodies’ buildings and purchasing by public bodies • Services, households ‣ Article 7 – energy efficiency obligation schemes or alternative policy measures ‣ Articles 9, 10, 11 on metering and billing information ‣ Article 12 – consumer information and empowering • Energy supply ‣ Article 14 on promoting efficient H&C ‣ Article 15 – transmission, transformation and distribution • Industry ‣ Article 8 – energy audits and energy management sytems 14
Horizontal provisions • • Article 16 - qualification, accreditation and certification Aritcle 17 - information and training Article 18 - energy services Article 19 - other measures (split incentives, regulatory barriers) • Article 20 - Energy Efficiency National Fund, Financing and Technical Support • Article 24 – review and monitoring of implementation (from April 30 2013 each 3 years) 15
Setting national energy efficiency targets Article 1 - Subject matter and scope Common framework of measures to ensure the achievement of the Union’s 2020 20% headline target on EE Article 3 – Energy efficiency targets ‣ ‣ Each MS shall set an indicative national EE target For the whole Union it has to be at least 1483 Mtoe primary or 1086 Mtoe final energy consumption (Croatia included).
National efficiency targets of Bulgaria 2020 energy savings target at PEC level: - 1 590 ktoe/y Achieving reduction from BAU 2020 PEC 18 460 ktoe to 16 870 ktoe 2020 energy savings target at FEC level: - 716 ktoe/y Achieving reduction from BAU 2020 FEC 9 355 ktoe to 8 639 ktoe Source: NEEAP of Bulgaria, 2017
Changes to Articles 1 and 3 • Article 1 – Binding headline target is 30% at the EU level for the 2030 perspective • Article 3 - National indicative contributions should be set – taking into account that the Union’s 2030 energy use must not exceed 1321 Mtoe primary and 987 Mtoe final energy – non-binding ‣ means 23% ↓ in PEC and 17%↓ in FEC compared to 2005 consumption levels ‣ setting of national contributions and regular evaluation of progress shall be done according to the provisions of the Governance of the Energy Union regulation ‣ to be notified in Member States' Integrated National Energy and Climate Plans.
THE 30% ENERGY EFFICIENCY TARGET Positive impacts compared to a 27% target Increase in GDP of around 0. 4% (€ 70 billion) Creation of 400, 000 more jobs Reduction in pollution control costs & health damage costs by € 4. 5 – 8. 3 billion Lower electricity price for households and energy intensive industries Security of supply: avoided oil & gas imports = € 70 billion Decarbonisation is cheaper in the long run (2021 -2050): € 9 billion/year less NOW (b. a. u. ) 158€ MWh 27% 30% 161€ MWh 157€ MWh Source: European Commission, www. czgbc. org/Download/4_Energy_Efficiency. ppt x
Efficiency in energy use • Article 4 – Building renovation ‣ overview of the national building stock, identification of costeffective approches to renovations, policies and measures to stimulate them, estimate of expected energy savings ‣ strategy on this, part of the National Energy Efficiency Action Plans • Will be removed from EED and moved into EPBD (2010/20/EU) to fit with long term plans for nearly zero energy buildings and decarbonisation.
Energy Saving Obligations • Article 7 – Energy efficiency obligation schemes ‣ obligated parties shall achieve a cumulative end-use energy savings target of 1, 5% between 01. 2014 and 31. 12. 2020, compared to 3 year average prior to 01. 2013. ‣ transport can be excluded ‣ other possible alleviations up to 25% of all reductions: • can be 1% in 2014 - 2015, 1, 25% in 2016 -2017 and 1, 5% in 2018 -2020, EU ETS firms can be excluded, can include energy savings achieved in the energy transformation, distribution and transmission sectors, can include savings resulting from individual actions since 31 dec 2008 that still have effect in 2020 measurement, control and verification shall be conducted social aim requirements can be included obligated parties provide statistics on their customers MS’s may opt to take other policy measures, with defined responsibilites of authorities and parties ‣ once a year, MS’s publish the resulting energy savings ‣ ‣
Target in the EEO scheme of Bulgaria Source: NEEAP of Bulgaria, 2017 22
Changes to Article 7 • Cumulative end use energy savings have to be achieved each year from 01. 2021 to 31. 12. 2030 of 1. 5% of annual energy sales to final customers by volume, averaged over the 3 years prior to 01. 2019. • Continues after 2030 in 10 year periods - reviews will be carried out in 2027 and every 10 years thereafter. • Savings due to policy measures from 01. 2014 can be counted, in case they result in individual actions delivering savings after 31. 12. 2020. • Sales of energy in the transport sector may still be excluded. • Possible exemptions are the same, as before, except for decreased annual saving rates. Early action: individual actions implemented since 31. 12. 2008, having an impact in 2020 and beyond can be counted. • New alleviation: own consumption of renewable energy generated on or in buildings can be excluded from the calculation of the required energy savings.
Vulnerable consumers • Articles 7 a and 7 b contain information on EEOs and alternative policy measures separately. • Provisions related to energy poverty are strengthened in case of both approaches: ‣ Within the EEO scheme, member states have to incorporate a socal aim in the saving obligations imposed, requiring a share of measures to be implemented as a priority in energy-poor households. ‣ In case of alternative policy measures member states have to take into account the effect on energy-poor households when they design their alternative policy measures.
Energy affordability Source: Energy Union Factsheet on Bulgaria, SWD(2017) 386 final 25
Metering and billing information • Article 9 – metering ‣ electricity, gas, DH, DC and domestic hot water meters have to be provided, accurately reflecting final customers’ actual energy consumption, when existing meter is replaced, when new connection is made or a building undergoes major renovations ‣ individual meters have to be installed by dec 31 2016, in multiapartment buildings with central or district heating/cooling source, if not possible, heat cost allocators have to be used to measure heat consumption at each radiator. • Article 10 – billing information ‣ accurate billing information based on actual consumption shall be provided ‣ MS’s shall ensure that final customers have the possibility of easy access to complementary information on historical consumption allowing detailed self-checks
Change to articles 9 and 10 • The two articles are amended to make them applicable only to gas • Separate provisions related to metering, sub-metering and cost allocation for heating and cooling and domestic hot water (9 a) • Meters and cost allocators installed shall be remotely readable devices as of 01. 2020, and already installed from 01. 2027. • Separate provisions related to billing and consumption information, and cost of access to metering and billing information for heating and cooling and domestic hot water (9 a)
Energy transformation, transmission and distribution • Article 15 – energy transformation, transmission and distribution ‣ national energy regulators through the development of network regulations provide incentives for grid operators to implement efficiency improvement measures ‣ assessment of energy efficiency potentials of energy infrastructure and concrete measures identified ‣ tariffs should help improve consumer participation, DR ‣ TSOs and DSOs guarantee transmission and distribution of highefficiency cogeneration, priority in access to grid, priority dispatch of their electricity • Some provisions are repealed so that new provisions will be included in the legislative proposals under the Market Design Initiative
Other changes • A general review clause added: the Commission must evaluate the Directive and submit a report to the European Parliament and Council by 28. 02. 2024, and then every five years. • The default primary energy factor (PEF) in Annex IV is amended to take into account technological advances: when energy savings are calculated in primary energy terms based on final energy consumption, a default coefficient of 2, 0 for each k. Wh saved should be applied, unless MS’s justify a different coefficient. 29
DIRECTIVE 2010/31/EU ON THE ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF BUILDINGS 30
Significance of energy efficiency in buildings • Huge potential for efficiency gains in the building sector • It is largest single energy consumer in Europe, absorbing 40% of final energy • About 75% of buildings are energy inefficient • Member State refurbish only 0. 4 -1. 2% of the building stock annually • There is evidence of around 48. 9 Mtoe additional final energy savings in 2014 compared to the 2007 baseline of the EPBD. The Impact Assessment supporting the EPBD estimated that the EPBD would lead to 60 -80 Mtoe of final energy savings by 2020. (COM(2016) 765 final) 31
Objectives The main objective of the proposal is to accelerate the costeffective renovation of existing buildings: • to integrate long-term building renovation strategies (Article of 4 EED) • to support the mobilisation of financing and envisage a decarbonised building stock by 2050 • to encourage the use of ICT and smart technologies to advance efficient operation of buildings • to streamline provisions where they have not delivered the expected results 32
Change in definition of technical building systems • The definition of technical building systems under Article 2(3) is amended to include on-site electricity generation and on-site infrastructure for electro-mobility: „‘Technical building system’ means technical equipment for space heating, space cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water, built-in lighting, building automation and control, onsite electricity generation, on-site infrastructure for electromobility, or a combination of such systems, including those using energy from renewable sources, of a building or building unit. ” 33
Inserting Article 4 of EED – Article 2 a The current Article 4 EED on building renovation is moved to this Directive for greater consistency: • include the consideration of energy poverty issues • support for smart financing of building renovations • a vision for the decarbonisation of buildings by 2050, with specific milestones in 2030 • long-term building renovation strategies have to be part of the integrated national energy and climate plans and will be notified by Member States to the Commission by 01. 2019 for the period after 2020, according to the provisions of the Regulation on the Governance of the Energy Union. To help investment decisions, mechanisms should be created by MS’s to aggregate projects, de-risk energy efficiency operations for investors, and to use public funding to mobilise private-sector investments. 34
Nearly zero energy new buildings Source: NEEAP of Bulgaria, 2017 35
Article 6 – assessing feasibility of high-efficiency alternative systems • The requirement to assess the technical, environmental and economic feasibility of highefficiency alternative systems under Article 6 of the EPBD no longer applies, because the obligation for all new buildings to be nearly zero-energy buildings implicitly requires an assessment of locally available high-efficiency alternative systems. • decentralized energy supply systems • DH and DC • cogeneration • heat pumps 36
Article 8 – requirement of installing e-mobility chargers • From the beginning of 2025, in case of new nonresidential buildings and non-residential buildings undergoing major renovation, having more than 10 parking places, every 10 th of the parking plots have to be equipped with a recharging point, able to start and stop charging in response to price signals. • Pre-cabling has to be prepared for each parking place, in order to enable the installation of recharing points later on. 37
Article 8 – technical building systems • If a new technical building system is installed, replaced or upgraded, its energy performance has to be assessed and documented for verification and certification purposes. • Delegated acts will be adopted to define a „smartness indicator” to assess the technological readiness of the building to manage the operation of interconnected intelligent devices, interact with the occupants and the grid. 38
Financial incentives and savings (Article 10) • MS’s have to link the financial measures helping energy efficiency investments to savings achieved, through the energy performance certificates (showing consumption levels before and after the renovation). • A database of energy performance certificates would allow tracking the actual energy consumption of the buildings with useful floor area of over 250 m 2. Aggregated data will have to be made available for statistical and research purposes. 39
Regular inspection of heating and air-conditioning systems (Art. 14) • The minimum size of systems to be inspected regularly increases from 20 k. W to 250 MWh PEC in case of nonresidential, and 100 k. W rated output for residential buildings – repeated only in case of changes. • The option of alternative measures to provide advice to consumers is deleted as these have not proven to be effective. • Inspection is replaced by the possibility of electronic monitoring and control systems - as building automation and control systems can be an alternative to physical inspections. 40
Other issues • The directive will be evaluated by 01. 2028. • The ‚Smart Finance for Smart Buildings’ initiative will help to mobilise and unlock private investments, relying on the Investment Plan for Europe, including the European Fund for Strategic Investments and the European Structural Investment Funds - will enhance the effective use of public funds - support promoters and investors - help new ideas via project development assistance and project aggregation mechanisms - generate trust and attract more investors to the energy efficiency market. 41
ECODESIGN AND ENERGY LABELLING 42
Ecodesign Directive (2009/125/EC) • Allows to set requirements for environmental performance of energy-related products • Main focus has been on energy in the use-phase • Requirements have to be met in order to place a product on the market • Requirements are harmonised across the EU
Energy Labelling Directive (2010/30/EU repealed by REGULATION (EU) 2017/1369) • Allows to specify an energy label for energyrelated products • The label shows energy efficiency in the use phase • Use of other essential resources/ information during use also shown • Manufacturers have to supply the label; dealers have to show it • Rescaling to A to G through delegated acts should be implemented by August 2023
Summary (Source: DG ENER) 45
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! 46
Data on the energy consumption of buildings in Hungary 10 years average primary energy consumption of dwellings built in the past 115 years based on 47, 554 energy performance certificates issued in Hungary in from 01. and 01. 05. 2016. National Network of Energy Engineers (‘NEH’) is set up from 2017 – collects consumption data for public buildings 47
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Strategies to help the adoption of nearly zero-energy buildings • • COMMISSION RECOMMENDATION (EU) 2016/1318 of 29 July 2016 on guidelines for the promotion of nearly zero-energy buildings and best practices to ensure that, by 2020, all new buildings are nearly zero-energy buildings highlight the following measures: awareness raising and education strengthening building regulation and energy performance certificates financial instruments and support measures, e. g. incentive policies, loans with reduced interest rate, tax exemptions guidance and financing for at-risk populations and subsidised mortgage interest rates for energy efficient homes most of the policies and measures reported by the Member States also apply to public buildings monitoring campaigns (e. g. ‘NRClick’ is an energy accounting system for the comparison of different municipalities in Belgium) and demonstration projects (e. g. in Germany the Zero-energy building for the Federal Environmental Agency (Umweltbundesamt)) EU research project: ZEBRA 2020 - tracking the market transition to nearly Zero. Energy Buildings (n. ZEBs) to derive recommendations and strategies for the building industry and policy makers and to accelerate the market uptake ofn. ZEBs. Research on 17 European Member States. Publications are available at: zebra 2020. eu 49
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