RENAL SYSTEM Organs of the Renal system v

RENAL SYSTEM

Organs of the Renal system v Kidneys (2) v. Ureters (2) v. Urinary bladder v. Urethra

Functions of Renal System 1) Produce & expel urine 2) Regulate the volume and composition of the extracellular fluid �Control p. H �Control blood volume & blood pressure �Controls ion balance 3) Production of hormones eg: Renin

Gross Anatomy of Kidney 1) Renal cortex 2) Renal medulla - Renal pyramids - Renal papillae - Renal columns 3) Renal pelvis - Major and minor Calyx

Microscopic anatomy of Kidneys NEPHRON Functional unit of kidney Glomerular capsule - Glomerulus - Bowman’s capsule Proximal Convoluted Tubule Loop of Henle Distal Convoluted Tubule Collecting duct

Functions of Nephron Glomerular filtration Tubular reabsorption Tubular secretion

Process of Excretion of urine ü The blood is sent to body’s filter treatment plant ie. Kidneys which consist of millions of filtering units called Nephrons that includes filters called Glomerulus and tubules. ü Blood enters the glomerulus via the afferent arterioles. ü Then the plasma leaks into the Bowman’s capsule. The plasma contains nutrients, which need to be reabsorbed & waste products that need to be eliminated. ü Plasma then enters into Proximal convoluted tubule whereas Blood cells enter in Peritubular capillaries via Efferent arterioles. ü In the Proximal convoluted tubule most of the nutrients, water & ions are reabsorbed back out of the nephron into the blood whereas ammonia is secreted in to the nephron from blood.

ü Then it enters into the Loop of Henle where all the rest of the water and salt are reabsorbed into the blood ü Then it enters into the Distal Convoluted tubule where remaining water and salt are reabsorbed. ü Then the waste products enters into the Collecting duct. ü From the collecting duct it passes through the renal pelvis & then to ureters into the urinary bladder. ü From the urinary bladder it is excreted through urethra.

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