Renal and Urinary Tract Alterations Prepared by Dr
Renal and Urinary Tract Alterations Prepared by Dr/ Wafaa Hassan Abdullah Ass. Prof. Medical Surgical Nursing Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences King Abdul-Aziz University 1429 -2008
Overview Proper function to urinary system is essential to life. Dysfunction of the kidneys and lower urinary tract is common and may occur at any age and with varying levels of severity.
Urinary Tract structure
Blood vessels attached with urinary system
Major functions of the kidney 1. Ultra filtration It removes fluid volume from the circulating blood, substances dissolved in this fluid are also removed. 2. Fluid and Electrolyte Control It maintains correct balance of fluid and electrolytes within a normal range by excretion, secretion, and reabsorption. 3. Acid-Base Balance It maintains p. H at normal range by directly excreting hydrogen ions and forming bicarbonate for buffering.
4. Excretion of Waste Products Direct removal of metabolic waste products contained in the glomerular filtrate. 5. Blood Pressure Regulation It regulate blood pressure by controlling circulating volume and rennin secretion. 6. RBCs Production Erythropoietin secreted by kidneys stimulates bone marrow to produce RBCs. 7. Regulation of Calcium Phosphate Metabolism Vitamin D activation is regulated by kidneys
Urine formation Process Glomerular Filteration Selective reabsorption Excretion
Classifications Of The Genitourinary Disorders 1. Congenital disorders 2. Reno vascular disorders 3. Injuries disorders 4. Inflammatory disorders 5. Obstructive disorders 6. Neoplastic disorders
Examples of renal Congenital Disorders
RENAL CALCULI (STONES) Urolithiasis
What is a kidney stone? A kidney stone is a hard mineral and crystalline material formed within the kidney or urinary tract. Kidney stones are a common cause of blood in the urine and often severe pain in the abdomen, flank, or groin. Kidney stones are sometimes called renal calculi. One in every 20 people develops a kidney stone at some point in their life. The condition of having kidney stones is termed nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis.
Kidney stones, one of the most painful of the urologic disorders. Scientists have found evidence of kidney stones in a 7, 000 -year-old Egyptian mummy. Unfortunately, kidney stones are one of the most common disorders of the urinary tract. Each year, people make almost 3 million visits to health care providers and more than half a million people go to emergency rooms for kidney stone problems.
Most kidney stones pass out of the body without any intervention by a physician. Stones that cause lasting symptoms or other complications may be treated by various techniques, most of which do not involve major surgery. Also, research advances have led to a better understanding of the many factors that promote stone formation and better treatments for preventing stones.
RISK FACTORS OF STONE DISEASE DEVELOPMENT Ø Anatomic abnormality Ø Dietary excesses Ø Climate due to high atmospheric temperature. Ø Life style as sedentary occupation and client on bed rest. Ø Metabolic state of the patient.
Renal pelvis calculi
Caliceal stones
Multiple Stones
Staghorn stones
Staghorn calculus, X-Ray
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