Renal and Immune Systems Renal 1 Renal 2

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Renal and Immune Systems

Renal and Immune Systems

Renal 1 Renal 2 Misc. Immune 1 Immune 2 10 10 10 20 20

Renal 1 Renal 2 Misc. Immune 1 Immune 2 10 10 10 20 20 20 30 30 30 40 40 40 50 50 50

Renal 1 - 10 Points QUESTION: • What is the functional unit of the

Renal 1 - 10 Points QUESTION: • What is the functional unit of the kidney? ANSWER: • Nephron

Renal 1 – 20 Points QUESTION: • Name two types of nephrons. ANSWER: •

Renal 1 – 20 Points QUESTION: • Name two types of nephrons. ANSWER: • Cortical • Juxtamedullary

Renal 1 – 30 Points QUESTION: • What are three protective layers surrounding the

Renal 1 – 30 Points QUESTION: • What are three protective layers surrounding the kidney? ANSWER: • Renal fascia • Perirenal fat capsule • Fibrous capsule

Renal 1 – 40 Points QUESTION: • Name the parts of the renal tubule.

Renal 1 – 40 Points QUESTION: • Name the parts of the renal tubule. ANSWER: • PCT • Descending LOH • Ascending LOH • DCT • Collecting ducts

Renal 1 – 50 Points QUESTION: • Trace the blood flow through the nephron.

Renal 1 – 50 Points QUESTION: • Trace the blood flow through the nephron. ANSWER: • • • Afferent arteriole Glomerulus Efferent arteriole Peritubular capillaries Vasa recta

Renal 2 – 10 Points QUESTION: • What do the cells in the PCT

Renal 2 – 10 Points QUESTION: • What do the cells in the PCT look like? ANSWER: • Microvilli • Mitochondria

Renal 2 – 20 Points QUESTION: • What is the function of the DCT?

Renal 2 – 20 Points QUESTION: • What is the function of the DCT? ANSWER: • Secretion

Renal 2 – 30 Points QUESTION: • What is the function of intercalated cells

Renal 2 – 30 Points QUESTION: • What is the function of intercalated cells and principal cells? ANSWER: • Intercalated – Maintain acid-base balance • Principal – Water and salt regulation

Renal 2 – 40 Points QUESTION: • Describe how the myogenic mechanism works. ANSWER:

Renal 2 – 40 Points QUESTION: • Describe how the myogenic mechanism works. ANSWER: • When blood pressure goes up, afferent arterioles constrict to slow down GFR • When blood pressure goes down, afferent arterioles dilate to speed up GFR

Renal 2 – 50 Points QUESTION: • What are three stages of urine formation?

Renal 2 – 50 Points QUESTION: • What are three stages of urine formation? ANSWER: • Glomerular filtration • Tubular reabsorption • Tubular secretion

Misc. – 10 Points QUESTION: • What is the defining characteristic of NK cells?

Misc. – 10 Points QUESTION: • What is the defining characteristic of NK cells? ANSWER: • Not phagocytic

Misc. – 20 Points QUESTION: • Name three layers of the filtration membrane. ANSWER:

Misc. – 20 Points QUESTION: • Name three layers of the filtration membrane. ANSWER: • Capillary endothelium • Basement membrane • Podocyte

Misc. – 30 Points QUESTION: • Name three hormones in the renal system and

Misc. – 30 Points QUESTION: • Name three hormones in the renal system and what they do. ANSWER: • Parathyroid hormone – regulates calcium levels • ADH – water regulation • Aldosterone – sodium regulation

Misc. – 40 Points QUESTION: • What are the four stages of phagocyte mobilization?

Misc. – 40 Points QUESTION: • What are the four stages of phagocyte mobilization? ANSWER: • Leukocytosis • Margination • Diapedesis • Chemotaxis

Misc. – 50 Points QUESTION: • Describe how the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism works. ANSWER:

Misc. – 50 Points QUESTION: • Describe how the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism works. ANSWER: • When salt levels are high, macula densa cells of JGA release vasoconstricting chemical • Afferent arteriole constricts, GFR decreases

Immune 1 – 10 Points QUESTION: • Name two barriers in the first line

Immune 1 – 10 Points QUESTION: • Name two barriers in the first line of defense. ANSWER: • Skin • Mucous membranes

Immune 1 – 20 Points QUESTION: • Name two cell types that are a

Immune 1 – 20 Points QUESTION: • Name two cell types that are a part of the second line of defense. ANSWER: • Macrophages • Neutrophils • Natural killer cells • Phagocytes

Immune 1 – 30 Points QUESTION: • What are two signs of the inflammatory

Immune 1 – 30 Points QUESTION: • What are two signs of the inflammatory response? ANSWER: • Swelling • Redness • Heat • Pain

Immune 1 – 40 Points QUESTION: • Name two characteristics of the adaptive immune

Immune 1 – 40 Points QUESTION: • Name two characteristics of the adaptive immune system. ANSWER: • Antigen specific • Systemic • Has memory

Immune 1 – 50 Points QUESTION: • What does SCID and AIDS stand for?

Immune 1 – 50 Points QUESTION: • What does SCID and AIDS stand for? ANSWER: • Severe combined immunodeficiency • Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Immune 2 – 10 Points QUESTION: • Where do T-cells and B-cells mature? ANSWER:

Immune 2 – 10 Points QUESTION: • Where do T-cells and B-cells mature? ANSWER: • Thymus • Bone marrow

Immune 2 – 20 Points QUESTION: • How can an organism acquire immunity actively?

Immune 2 – 20 Points QUESTION: • How can an organism acquire immunity actively? ANSWER: • Having an infection • Vaccinations

Immune 2 – 30 Points QUESTION: • What is one type of passive immunity?

Immune 2 – 30 Points QUESTION: • What is one type of passive immunity? ANSWER: • Donor antibodies • Mother’s antibodies

Immune 2 – 40 Points QUESTION: • What type of protein recognizes normal cells

Immune 2 – 40 Points QUESTION: • What type of protein recognizes normal cells as “self? ” ANSWER: • Class I major histocompatibility complex proteins (MHC)

Immune 2 – 50 Points QUESTION: • What is one autoimmune disease? ANSWER: •

Immune 2 – 50 Points QUESTION: • What is one autoimmune disease? ANSWER: • Rheumatoid arthritis • Multiple sclerosis