Renaissance Means REBIRTH Rebirth of art and learning

Renaissance • Means REBIRTH • Rebirth of art and learning • Began in northern Italy

Economic Foundations • Increased demand for Middle Eastern products • Encouraged the use of credit and banking • Letters of credit expanded supply of money and sped up trade. • New accounting and bookkeeping practices used Arabic numerals

Italy • Italian city-states became rich from trade: – Florence – Venice – Genoa • They were trading centers for the distribution of goods to northern Europe. • Independent city-states governed as republics by wealthy merchants.

Niccolo Machiavelli • Wrote The Prince – guidelines for the how to get power by absolute rule. • Believed the ends justified the means • One should do good if possible, but do evil when necessary.

Art and Literature • Medieval art and literature focused on the Church and salvation. • Renaissance art and literature focused on individuals and worldly matters, along with Christianity.

Artists and Writers • Artists – Leonardo da Vinci – Michelangelo • Writers – Petrarch

Leonardo da Vinci • Painted the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper • Handsome, athletic, singer, artist, scientist, inventor

Notebooks

Michelangelo • Painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and sculpted David • Sculptor, painter, architect, poet

The Sistine Chapel Ceiling

Creation of Eve Separation of Light and Darkness Creation of Adam The Last Judgment

Pieta David

Moses 1513 -1515

Raphael Painter 1483 -1520

The School of Athens

Pythagoras Plato and Aristotle Socrates

Raphael (back) Euclid Zoroaster & Ptolemy

Petrarch • Wrote Sonnets • He wrote with a Humanistic approach • Considered the “Father of Humanism”

Humanism The Vitruvian Man • Celebrated the individual • Stimulated the study of Greek and Roman literature and culture • Humanists were supported by PATRONS who were very wealthy

Northern Renaissance • With the rise of trade, travel and literacy, the Italian Renaissance spread to northern Europe. • The art and literature changed as people of different cultures adopted Renaissance ideas.

Northern Renaissance Writers • Erasmus—The Praise of Folly (1511) • Critical of corrupt church practices • Catalyst for Protestant Reformation

Northern Renaissance Writers • Sir Thomas More —Utopia (1516) • Depicts world with perfect social, legal and political system • Leading humanist scholar

The Printing Press • Major invention of the Renaissance • Printing press created by Johannes Gutenberg – Was the first way to print large amounts of text at once, instead of by hand or by blocks – 1 st book printed was the “Gutenberg Bible” • Influence of the printing press was… – Made books faster and more accessible to people